THE WIDE-BAND PLASMA WAVE INVESTIGATION

As part of the Cluster Wave Experiment Consortium (WEC), the Wide-Band (WBD) Plasma Wave investigation is designed to provide high-resolution measurements of both electric and magnetic fields in selected frequency bands from 25 Hz to 577 kHz. Continuous waveforms are digitised and transmitted in either a 220 kbit s^-1 real-time mode or a 73 kbit s^-1 recorded mode. The real-time data are received directly by a NASA Deep-Space Network (DSN) receiving station, and the recorded data are stored in the spacecraft solid-state recorder for later playback. In both cases the waveforms are Fourier transformed on the ground to provide high-resolution frequency-time spectrograms. The WBD measurements complement those of the other WEC instruments and also provide a unique new capability for performing very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) measurements.     

Initial results from the ISEE-1 and -2 plasma wave investigation

In this paper we present an initial survey of results from the plasma wave experiments on the ISEE-1 and -2 spacecraft which are in nearly identical orbits passing through the Earth's magnetosphere at radial distances out to about 22.5R _e . Essentially every crossing of the Earth's bow shock can be associated with an intense burst of electrostatic and whistler-mode turbulence at the shock, with substantial wave intensities in both the upstream and downstream regions. Usually the electric and magnetic field spectrum at the shock are quite similar for both spacecraft, although small differences in the detailed structure are sometimes apparent upstream and downstream of the shock, probably due to changes in the motion of the shock or propagation effects. Upstream of the shock emissions are often observed at both the fundamental, f _- ^p , and second harmonic, 2f _p ^- , of the electron plasma frequency. In the magnetosphere high resolution spectrograms of the electric field show an extremely complex distribution of plasma and radio emissions, with numerous resonance and cutoff effects. Electron density profiles can be obtained from emissions near the local electron plasma frequency. Comparisons of high resolution spectrograms of whistler-mode emissions such as chorus detected by the two spacecraft usually show a good overall similarity but marked differences in detailed structure on time scales less than one minute. Other types of locally generated waves, such as the (n+1/2)f _- ^g electron cyclotron waves, show a better correspondence between the two spacecraft. High resolution spectrograms of kilometric radio emissions are also presented which show an extremely complex frequency-time structure with many closely spaced narrow-band emissions.     

翼身融合运输机分布式电推进系统设计及油耗评估

针对翼身融合运输机开展了分布式电推进系统的总体设计与油耗评估。通过数值计算完成了70t载质量翼身融合飞机的气动设计与优化。在巡航马赫数为0.80和10km高度的设计点,最大升阻比达到了24。通过求解积分边界层方程组,完成了电推进系统的总体设计。电推进系统包含10个推进风扇,风扇直径为1.45m，压比为1.35，巡航功率为2.94MW。建立了考虑燃烧过程的发动机一维性能模型,对发动机油耗进行了评估,获得了不同发动机循环参数下燃油消耗。建模结果表明,基于翼身融合布局和分布式电推进技术,可使运输机的油耗较C-17节省近50%。      

Atmospheric Electricity at Saturn

The Cassini mission provides a great opportunity to enlarge our knowledge of atmospheric electricity at the gas giant Saturn. Following Voyager studies, the RPWS (Radio and Plasma Wave Science) instrument has measured again the so-called SEDs (Saturn Electrostatic Discharges) which are the radio signature of lightning flashes. Observations by Cassini/ISS (Imaging Science Subsystem) have shown cloud features in Saturn’s atmosphere whose occurrence, longitudinal drift rate, and brightness were strongly related to the SEDs. In this paper we will review the main physical parameters of the SEDs. Lightning does not only give us clues about the dynamics of the atmosphere, but also serves as a natural tool to investigate properties of Saturn’s ionosphere. We will also discuss other lightning related phenomena and compare Saturn lightning with terrestrial and Jovian lightning.     

地面模拟微重力条件下Cu-Pb合金的制备及微观结构与摩擦性能研究

利用地面上建立的微重力电磁模拟设备成功制备出了Cu-Pb二元难混合金,并对其微观组织结构与摩擦性能进行了分析与测试。样品SEM分析结果表明,模拟微重力状态下制备的合金样品较好地克服了地面上因重力影响而产生的严重成分偏析,少数弥散相较均匀地分布于基体中,少数相含量越低,弥散体尺寸越小,分布越均匀;摩擦性能测试结果显示合金模拟样品的摩擦性能明显好于基体金属,且摩擦系数随少数相Pb的含量的增大而减小,体积磨损率随少数相含量的增大先快速减小而后又缓慢增大。同时对实验结果进行了简单的分析与讨论。      

卫星推进剂剩余量测量技术地面试验研究

根据气体注入压力激励测量方法，研制了动态、高精度测量卫星液体推进剂剩余量原理样机，该样机以通信卫星双组元推进系统为测量对象。详细给出了利用该样机进行的地面试验情况，特别是测量数据平滑处理技术和液体蒸汽压误差修正技术。试验结果表明，当推进系统工作状态正常时，剩余液体体积量的测量误差小于贮箱总体积的１．０％，而当推进系统有小泄漏时，则小于２．０％。     

加强农民工社会保障建设的对策

改革开放以来,农民工为国家的城市化、工业化、现代化、社会经济的发展与繁荣作出了突出贡献,但是农民工并没有同城市居民一样分享经济发展的成果,农民工社会保障处于缺失状态。随着农民工数量的增多,农民工社会保障缺失问题引起了社会的广泛关注,成了政府、社会亟待解决的问题。文章主要分析了农民工社会保障现状及缺失的原因,并为加强农民工社会保障建设提出了一些政策建议。     

Heliospheric radio emissions

A review is given of heliospheric radio emissions. Only radio emissions generated well away from the Sun (beyond a few solar radii) and well away from the magnetized planets are considered. These consist of (1) type III radio bursts, (2) type II radio bursts, and (3) heliospheric 2–3 kHz radio emissions. The physical processes involved in the generation of each of these radio emissions are described with an emphasis on recent developments. A prognosis is given of advances that can be expected from the forthcoming flight of Ulysses over the poles of the Sun and the flights of Voyagers 1 and 2 to the outer limits of the heliosphere.     

Stable two-sided matching of slot allocation in airport collaborative decision making by top trading cycles mechanism

The problem of capacity shortage in some airports needs to be dealt with sustainable solutions including a more efficient use of the existing runway slots at the airports. The Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) is an important approach applied to Air Traffic Management (ATM) to achieve this efficient use of the slots allocation. Using the Matching approach for two-sided markets of Game theory, the Top Trading Cycle CDM (TTC-CDM) algorithm developed in this research is an extension of the CDM approach aggregating the Ground Delay Program (GDP) of the air sector. The paper compared the developed TTC-CDM model to the existing models such as the conventional Compression algorithm in CDM, the Trade Cycle algorithm and the Deferred Acceptance CDM (DA-CDM) model to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. Through a case study, the results show the effective application of TTC-CDM model to slot allocation in ATM and also presents the advantage of considering the preferences of airport managers beside ATC controllers and airlines in the decision processing.     

Voyager 2 plasma wave observations at Uranus

At Uranus, the Voyager 2 plasma wave investigation observed very significant phenomena related to radio emissions, dust impacts and magnetospheric wave-particle interactions. On January 19, 1986 (R= 270R_U) the plasma wave investigation detected an intense radio burst at 31 and 56 kHz, and this provided the first indication that Uranus had a magnetosphere. During the encounter we observed more of these sporadic bursts, along with relatively continuous radio emissions extending down to 10 kHz, and a sporadic narrowband radio signal with f near 5 kHz. As Voyager passed through the ring plane, the plasma wave investigation recorded a large number of dust impacts. The dust ring was relatively diffuse (thickness of several thousand kilometers) and the peak impact rate was near 50 hits/second. The Voyager 2 plasma wave instrument also detected many strong electromagnetic and electrostatic plasma waves, with intensity peaks in the region within 12 Uranus adii. These waves have characteristics that can interact strongly with the local plasma and with the trapped energetic particles, leading to precipitation into the atmosphere, charged particle acceleration, and charged particle diffusion. In addition we detected strong wave activity in the region of the bow shock and moderate levels in the magnetic tail.