空间碎片能量转化利用技术

针对目前空间碎片问题，提出空间碎片发动机概念，立足于使用捕获到的空间碎片，转化为发动机可用的推进剂。在完成碎片清理目标的同时，获得可持续的动力来源，延长清理器的工作寿命。针对空间碎片制粉的方法进行研究，提出使用球磨仪对金属样本进行研磨。使用转刀式粉碎机对非金属材料进行粉碎。通过实验发现，多数粉末粒径达到微米量级。针对空间碎片粉末推进方式进行研究，提出使用静电加速推进方式对粉末进行加速。空间碎片发动机虽然起源于空间碎片清理任务，但是可持续的推进剂供应，也将为小行星探测等任务提供更好的思路。     

发动机飞行载荷可靠性分析

本文在大量飞行试验实际测量数据和相当数量外场使用数据上,进行较为全面统计分析,运用可靠性理论分析美军用标准发动机通用规范 ( MIL- E- 50 0 7D)和发动机结构完整性大纲( MIL - STD- 1783)有关设计任务论述,对用 2倍设计任务进行发动机低循环疲劳寿命计算和试验要求,作了理论性探讨,并为某发动机飞行试验实测数据的统计分析所证实。      

流动参数对发动机冷却用引射器性能的影响

为了探索引射器在航空发动机空气系统中的应用可行性,采用标准k -ω模型并求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程组的数值方法,分析了流动参数对发动机冷却用引射器引射系数、压力损失系数及引射性能综合参数的影响。结果表明:膨胀比由9增大至10.1,引射系数增大了66%;膨胀比由15.2增大至20.2,引射系数降低了19%;压力损失均不断增大。临界压缩比随着膨胀比的增大而增大;压缩比小于临界压缩比时,低膨胀比较高膨胀比的引射系数大约75%、压力损失小约1%,综合引射性能好;压缩比大于临界压缩比时,高膨胀比的压力损失系数降幅更小,综合引射性能恶化幅度更大。温比由1增大至3,低膨胀比下引射性能综合参数增大了16%,高膨胀比下引射性能综合参数先减小了1%再增大了8%。     

镍基单晶高温合金热机械疲劳行为与寿命建模

通过DD6单晶薄壁管试样机械应变控制热机械疲劳(TMF)试验,获取温度交变、相位角以及载荷控制方式对单晶应力应变响应与疲劳寿命的影响规律。结果表明:温度交变会引起明显的应力不对称性并造成额外损伤,导致TMF寿命明显低于最高循环温度的等温疲劳(IF)寿命,并且反相(OP)循环寿命普遍要低于同等载荷的同相(IP)循环,这种寿命变化趋势与应力控制存在明显差异。采用Walker本构模型进行单晶材料在不同TMF循环下的滑移系黏塑性分析,构建单晶TMF损伤与滑移系细观应力应变参量的关联。在此基础上,选取最大Schmid应力、最大滑移剪应变率、滑移剪应变范围、循环Schmid应力比作为损伤参量,建立基于细观参量的TMF寿命模型,其对不同相位、不同载荷控制方式的TMF寿命预测精度均在2倍分散带内。      

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

小卫星瞬态外热流下动态传热特性分析

为揭示小卫星瞬态外热流下的动态传热特性规律,以小卫星双层集总参数模型为研究对象,推导得到动态热平衡方程。类比阻尼振荡系统,采用时频变换和传递函数分析的新思路,对温度与热流波动量间的幅值特性和相位特性变化规律进行理论研究,并利用数值方法进行验证。结果表明:推导获得了小卫星传热系统自然频率和阻尼比的热参数准则式,并证明了小卫星传热系统在热激励下振荡特性为过阻尼。阻尼比和频率比的增大及热流静位移的减小均可降低温度的波动幅度,不同频率比范围下阻尼比对热流的波动量与温度波动量间的相位差的影响呈相反规律,数值结果与解析分析结果一致。可为低热惯性小卫星的热控优化设计提供理论参考。     

Two-segment lunar free-return trajectories design using the pseudostate theory

Accurate initial solutions for two-segment Earth-Moon free-return trajectories, with midcourse transfer opportunities for favorable lunar targeting, are developed analytically by using the pseudostate theory. A constrained flight-path angle quasi-Lambert problem is formulated to determine the lunar-orbiting phase of the free-return trajectory. Gradient and direct-shooting algorithms are used to correct the initial estimates of certain two-body parameters. Numerical simulations with a high-fidelity model are undertaken to verify the accuracy of the pseudostate solutions and to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Perilune altitude errors for the pseudostate method are less than 10% of their corresponding values for the patched conic technique. The differences between the pseudostate and the high-fidelity solutions can be eliminated rapidly.     

Dynamics and control for contactless interaction between spacecraft and tumbling debris

Tumbling debris has become a great threat to orbit activities. Contactless interaction is a novel concept for active debris removal, through which the tumbling debris no longer rotates freely but is under control. The contactless interaction method aims to de-tumble the debris and then maintain desired relative states between the spacecraft and debris. The spacecraft is simultaneously stabilized through three-axis attitude control, which makes the de-tumbling and capture operation much safer, more effective and accurate. The dynamics and control for the contactless interaction have been little studied in the past years. This paper considers a generic dynamics and control problem for contactless interaction between a spacecraft and debris. A translational and rotational dynamics model of contactless interaction is proposed and the 6-DOF equations are established. The contactless interaction control law is designed with the backstepping method, and the spacecraft three-axis control law is designed with the PD control. Simulation results show that the angular momentum is transferred from the debris to the spacecraft and the debris is thus de-tumbled. The desired relative states are achieved efficiently. Significantly, the spacecraft and debris no longer rotate in the inertial frame and, hence, the safety and accuracy for capture operation are guaranteed.     

基于MIV的碳钢大气腐蚀速率影响因子权重分析

通过平均影响值（MIV）影响因子权重分析算法,以碳钢Q235、Ste355、St12和Q450腐蚀速率的暴露时间、气候因素和环境因素数据为依据,以|MIV|值为评价依据,定量分析15种影响因子（暴露时间、平均温度、平均相对湿度、日照时数、降水量、平均风速、海盐粒子浓度、SO₂、HCl、NO₂、H₂S、硫酸盐化速率、NH₃、降尘量-非水溶性、降尘量-水溶性）对碳钢腐蚀速率影响的权重大小。结果表明: 当MIV调节率从5%逐步递增至25%时,同种影响因子对腐蚀速率的影响权重变化不大,但4种碳钢对各影响因子的敏感度略有不同;气候因素对腐蚀速率影响最大,其次为暴露时间,环境因素中SO₂和降尘量对腐蚀速率影响较大;平均相对湿度、日照时数、平均温度是影响腐蚀速率最主要的3个因子。      

一种星载微型凝视式可见光CCD遥感器设计

以小卫星平台的空间动态目标探测为应用背景,采用短积分时间的凝视成像方式、LVDS并行传输的高帧频数传模式、折反式光学系统以及部分国外工业级器件的集约化设计思路,设计了星载微型凝视式可见光CCD遥感器。文章首先介绍了光学系统和电子电路的设计和性能;然后阐述了其可靠性保证技术路线,并通过整机的鉴定级环境试验验证该技术路线的可行性,最后对该遥感器性能进行测试,结果表明在总质量小于2kg,曝光时间小于2ms条件下,其静态MTF大于0.2,动态MTF大于0.16,信噪比大于49。