MX导弹喷管用先进材料评论

目前正在进行研制石墨材料,准备用于MX 第一级和第二级固体火箭喷管的入口部,喉部,后喉部,出口锥和可延伸出口锥。这些材料必须经受住新型洲际弹道导弹(ICBM)喷管系统的苛刻的结构、化学侵蚀,粒子冲刷和高温环境。该系统的燃烧室压力可达127公斤/厘米~2,火焰温度为3700°K 至3922°K。叙述了第一级和第二级全尺寸试验喷管的现状。还提出了在喷管设计、石墨材料研制以及预期性能改进方面进一步工作的方向。     

The Interplanetary Internet: a communications infrastructure for Mars exploration

A strategy is being developed whereby the current set of internationally standardized space data communications protocols can be incrementally evolved so that a first version of an operational "Interplanetary Internet" is feasible by the end of the decade. This paper describes its architectural concepts, discusses the current set of standard space data communications capabilities that exist to support Mars exploration and reviews proposed new developments. We also speculate that these current capabilities can grow to support future scenarios where human intelligence is widely distributed across the Solar System and day-to-day communications dialog between planets is routine.     

具有实时图像形成能力的高分辨率、四波段SAR试验台

描述了在Sandia国家实验室研制的双水獭SAR试验台。该试验台很灵活、适应性强，能工作于四种频：Ka、Ku和VHF／UHF频带。这种SAR的特点是在聚束模式和条带测绘模式下具有高分辨实时图像形成能力。高质量的图像是采用重叠子孔径（OSA）图像形成算法和相位梯度自聚然（PGA）算法实时形成的。     

Using the PROGRESS transport spacecraft in structure of the International Space Station for realization of scientific experiments under microgravity conditions

The problem is considered of using the PROGRESS transport spacecraft, which will deliver the payload on the ISS, as a free flying platform for realization of space experiments. For maintenance of the ISS 5-6 PROGRESS flights per year are planned. Usually after delivery of the payload the PROGRESS undocks from the ISS and burns down in the Earth atmosphere. However, the operating conditions of its onboard systems allow to prolong operation and to make free flight near to the station and repeatedly to be docked to it. It is offered to use this possibility for performing experiments on Material Science.     

MX导弹喷管用先进材料评论 Ⅱ 第一级喷管的先进材料

本文是评论MX导弹喷管先进材料的三篇文章中的第二篇。第一篇文章于1977年4月在SAMPE季刊中发表(译文见“固体火箭技术”1978年第二期第99—105页),综述了MX导弹喷管对材料的要求,叙述了石墨材料的结构、性质和性能之间的关系。本文继续对MX的第一级和第二级发动机喷管所用先进材料进一步进行评价。     

导引头实物仿真技术

讨论了美国陆军导弹司令部在研制面空导弹时采用的导引头实物仿真技术.目前在导弹系统的研制过程中,人们受到很多限制,例如经费有限,需要进行可靠的系统试验,要求在逼真的环境,包括电磁干扰和抗干扰环境中评价系统等.导引头实物仿真试验能为解决上述问题发挥重要作用.介绍和讨论了射频、非红外成像和电-光波段的现有仿真设备及其性能;举例介绍了最近完成的仿真试验结果及其对降低导弹系统研制成本所起的作用.最后介绍了主要的仿真技术和美国陆军提高仿真器能力的未来计划.     

The European Astronaut Centre prepares for International Space Station operations

The European Space Agency (ESA) contribution to the International Space Station (ISS) goes much beyond the delivery of hardware like the Columbus Laboratory, its payloads and the Automated Transfer Vehicles. ESA Astronauts will be members of the ISS crew. ESA, according to its commitments as ISS international partner, will be responsible to provide training on its elements and payloads to all ISS crewmembers and medical support for ESA astronauts. The European Astronaut Centre (EAC) in Cologne has developed over more than a decade into the centre of expertise for manned space activities within ESA by contributing to a number of important co-operative spaceflight missions. This role will be significantly extended for ISS manned operations. Apart from its support to ESA astronauts and their onboard operations, EAC will have a key role in training all ISS astronauts on ESA elements and payloads. The medical support of ISS crew, in particular of ESA astronauts has already started. This paper provides an overview on status and further plans in building up this homebase function for ESA astronauts and on the preparation towards Training Readiness for ISS crew training at EAC, Cologne. Copyright 2001 by the European Space Agency. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission. Released to IAF/IAA/AIAA to publish in all forms.     

用现成微处理机完成复杂的遥测预处理

本文介绍一个以微处理机为主机的系统,用以对复杂的高速遥测数据进行预处理。所用的微机是最新式的Motoroloa68020系列计算机。本文全面介绍系统的硬件和软件,并对所用的复杂算法和有关的数据处理作了说明。着重报道涉及参数容量和数据吞吐率的测试结果。对系统的体系结构采用多种通用的折衷法进行了分析,本系统把兆字极的遥测数据(如废点剔除、相位对齐和参数推导等)预处理技术推向新的高度。     

晶体谐振器—振荡器测试设备及测试结果

一、引言美国陆军电子技术及器件实验室(ETDL)的频率控制与计时分部的主要任务是要提高晶体谐振器与振荡器工艺水平,以满足军队用户的要求。第二个任务是向计划管理人员、系统设计人员提供谘询并维持晶体谐振器与振荡器的军用技术指标(也就是MIL-C-3098和MIL-0-55310)。这些任务要求对晶体谐振器和振荡器的工艺水平有详细而实际的了解。本文的目的是概述本实验室的技术力量,介绍一些研究结果,并在需要时向国防部所属用户提供晶体振荡器的测试、选择、技术指标和研制方面的帮助。     

Influence of graviceptives cues at different level of visual information processing: the effect of prolonged weightlessness

We evaluated the influence of prolonged weightlessness on the performance of visual tasks in the course of the Russian-French missions ANTARES, Post-ANTARES and ALTAIR aboard the MIR station. Eight cosmonauts were subjects in two experiments executed pre-flight, in-flight and post-flight sessions.

In the first experiment, cosmonauts performed a task of symmetry detection in 2-D polygons. The results indicate that this detection is locked in a head retinal reference frame rather than in an environmentally defined one as meridional orientations of symmetry axis (vertical and horizontal) elicited faster response times than oblique ones. However, in weightlessness the saliency of a retinally vertical axis of symmetry is no longer significantly different from an horizontal axis. In the second experiment, cosmonauts performed a mental rotation task in which they judged whether two 3-D objects presented in different orientations were identical. Performance on this task is basically identical in weightlessness and normal gravity.