Main medical results of extended flights on space station Mir in 1986-1990

During 1986-1990 seven prime spacecrews (16 cosmonauts) have flown on-board the Mir orbital complex. The longest space mission duration was 366 days The principal objectives of the medical tasks were the maintenance of good health and performance of the spacecrews and conducting medical research programs which included study of the cardiovascular, motor, endocrine, blood, immune, and metabolic systems. Results obtained point to the ability of humans to readily adapt to a year-long stay in space and maintain good health and performance. Readaptation had a similar course as after other previous long-term space flights of up to 8 months in duration. Primary body system changes were not qualitatively different from findings after flights aboard the Salyut 6 and 7 space stations. In this case, during and after an 11-12 month flight, body system alterations were even less severe which was a result of adequate countermeasure use, their systematic and creative employment and maintenance of required environments to support life and work in space.     

Operating procedure peculiarities of the impulse turbine with a gas distribution mechanism in the output unit

Peculiarities of gas flow through the impulse turbine stage duct are discussed when a gas distribution mechanism is mounted behind the turbine. A technique of calculating the characteristics of such a stage based on the experimental study results and some calculation results are presented.     

Arrangement of a spacecraft-borne scientific instrument container in the passing experiment

A solution of a problem on the attached mass arrangement aboard a flight vehicle as a scientific instrument container or a small satellite in the passing experiment is considered.