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A. N. Denisov N. V. Kuznetsov R. A. Nymmik M. I. Panasyuk N. M. Sobolevskii 《Cosmic Research》2010,48(6):509-516
In connection with projects of manned bases on the Moon it becomes topical to estimate radiation danger for their inhabitants.
In this paper we describe a method of evaluation of the radiation environment on the lunar surface produced by galactic and
solar cosmic rays. The roles of both primary and secondary radiations generated in the depth of the lunar soil under the action
of high-energy protons and nuclei are taken into account. Calculated fluxes of particles are used in order to estimate annual
averaged absorbed and equivalent local dose rates in tissues. It is established that in the lunar rock the contribution of
secondary neutrons to the dose rate exceeds that of protons. The contribution of the secondary particles generated by nuclei
of galactic cosmic rays to the dose rate is estimated. 相似文献
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On the basis of generalization of the results of extensive trajectory calculations for trial charged particles moving in the geomagnetic field the method of calculation of effective vertical cutoff rigidity, taking into account the values of K p -index and local time, is developed. The IGRF and Tsyganenko-89 models are used for the geomagnetic field. A comparison of the results of model simulations with the experimental data on penetration of charged particles into near-Earth space is made, and penetration functions for typical spacecraft orbits are calculated. 相似文献
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Yu.F. Gagarin A.M. Marenny R.A. Nymmik M.I. Panasyuk 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1998,21(12):1699-1702
Results of a detailed analysis of heavy ion fluences measured on the Salyut and MIR orbital stations from 1978 to 1990 are presented. The analysis has made use of new models that describe the cosmic ray fluxes and their transition through the magnetosphere. The penetration of solar cosmic ray particles to the orbit, the increase of the (ScCr)/Fe flux ratio in the orbit, and the occurrences of 200–500 MeV/nucl heavy nuclei in <30° latitudes have been analyzed. 相似文献
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R.A. Nymmik 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1998,21(12):1689-1698
Radiation characteristics (particle fluxes, doses, and LET spectra) are calculated for spacecraft in the International Space Station orbit. The calculations are made in terms of the dynamic model for galactic cosmic rays and the probabilistic model for solar cosmic rays developed at the Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University. 相似文献
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N V Kuznetsov R A Nymmik N M Sobolevsky 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2002,30(4):985-988
The space radiation environment predicted for a spacecraft on the Earth-Mars-Earth route at different solar activity levels is analyzed in terms of the Russian-devised models. 相似文献
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D Mottl R Nymmik 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2003,32(11):2349-2353
Systematical errors of the spacecraft measured high-energy particle fluxes are analyzed. The errors are shown to be inherent to most of the measurements made to be the monitoring of the high-energy radiation in the space. The level of the systematic errors of the measurements varies with energy, thus resulting in distortions of the solar energetic particle spectra based on the measurement data. The erroneous experimental data have resulted in spurious estimates of space radiation environment and give rise to erroneous physical conclusions. 相似文献
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R A Nymmik M I Panasyuk T I Pervaya A A Suslov 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1994,14(10):759-763
The present paper analyses the problems of modeling galactic cosmic ray particle fluxes. A model representation which enables the particle energy spectra for large-scale solar activity induced modulations to be calculated is described. 相似文献