Dose equivalent, absorbed dose and charge spectrum investigation in low Earth orbit.

Particle intensity, dose equivalent and absorbed dose have been measured on board the space shuttle Endeavour during STS-108 in December 2001 by Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS). The dose estimates are based on very accurate measurements of recoils produced in CR-39 by cosmic ray primary and secondary protons and heavier nuclei and by secondary neutrons. The corresponding LET spectra were used to determine dose equivalent and absorbed dose values. Estimates of the total flux of Z > or = 2 nuclei have been undertaken and a preliminary charge spectrum was measured. Some comparisons are made with preliminary data obtained on STS-105 (ISS Expedition) and other missions using CR-39 detectors.     

LDA测量方截面U型旋转通道速度分布

为了深入了解旋转涡轮叶片内冷通道中的流动特性，用激光多谱勒测速仪(LDA)测量了旋转U型通道中的平均速度分布。通道的横截面积为50mm×50mm，弯管的平均半径与水利直径的比值为0.65，旋转轴与弯管的曲率轴平行。在Re＝105时分别测量了转动数Ro＝0，0.2和-0.2三种旋转状态下的速度分布。在这三种情况下弯管内侧θ＝90°至下游一定范围内都有流动的分离出现。由于不同的旋转状态二次流的方向和强弱不同，导致了分离区大小和通道中速度分布的不同。     

变革企业生产方式搞好国营大中型企业

本文从我们课题研究中阐明的企业生产方式的概念出发,从一个新的角度思考搞好国营大中型企业问题。本文认为社会主义企业生产方式内在矛盾的分析应是探讨当前国营大中型企业活力不强、效益不高的重要途径,所以搞好大中型企业的最终出路在于变革企业生产方式,当务之急则是转换企业经营机制。     

Cosmic ray measurements at aircraft altitudes and comparison with predictions of computer codes.

Extensive measurements of dose exposure of aircrew have been carried out in recent years using passive detectors on subsonic and supersonic air routes by DIAS (Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies). Studies were based on measurement of LET spectra using nuclear recoils produced in CR-39 nuclear track detectors by high energy neutrons and protons. The detectors were calibrated using energetic heavy ions. Data obtained were compared with the predictions of the EPCARD and CARI-6 codes. Good agreement has been found between the experimental and theoretical values.     

经营目标与产权结构

本文从产业组织理论出发,以企业产权结构的变革为前提,阐述和讨论了H—型、U—型和M—型股份制企业经营目标和行为目标的变异。     

Searching for biosignatures using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis of manganese oxides

Manganese oxide (Mn oxide) minerals from bacterial sources produce electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectral signatures that are mostly distinct from those of synthetic simulants and abiogenic mineral Mn oxides. Biogenic Mn oxides exhibit only narrow EPR spectral linewidths (～500 G), whereas abiogenic Mn oxides produce spectral linewidths that are 2-6 times broader and range from 1200 to 3000 G. This distinction is consistent with X-ray structural observations that biogenic Mn oxides have abundant layer site vacancies and edge terminations and are mostly of single ionic species [i.e., Mn(IV)], all of which favor narrow EPR linewidths. In contrast, abiogenic Mn oxides have fewer lattice vacancies, larger particle sizes, and mixed ionic species [Mn(III) and Mn(IV)], which lead to the broader linewidths. These properties could be utilized in the search for extraterrestrial physicochemical biosignatures, for example, on Mars missions that include a miniature version of an EPR spectrometer.