Ducted and non-ducted propagation of Omega signals within the plasmasphere

Signals of the transmitter of the Omega navigation system located in the Southern Hemisphere (Reunion, 21.0°S, 55.3°E, L= 1.35) recorded by Interkosmos satellites on passes over the Northern Hemisphere, have shown that these signals can be detected in the conjugate region within a range of L-values between 1.5 – 3.0. Both ducted and non-ducted propagation has been observed. The most frequent propagation is in the whistler mode along the line of forceL= 1.8. The measured signal delays are in accordance with the observed dispersion of whistlers.     

Aerodynamic Modeling and Parameter Estimation from QAR Data of an Airplane Approaching a High-altitude Airport

Aerodynamic modeling and parameter estimation from quick accesses recorder (QAR) data is an important technical way to analyze the effects of highland weather conditions upon aerodynamic characteristics of airplane. It is also an essential content of flight accident analysis. The related techniques are developed in the present paper, including the geometric method for angle of attack and sideslip angle estimation, the extended Kalman filter associated with modified Bryson-Frazier smoother (EKF-MBF) method for aerodynamic coefficient identification, the radial basis function (RBF) neural network method for aerodynamic modeling, and the Delta method for stability/control derivative estimation. As an application example, the QAR data of a civil airplane approaching a high-altitude airport are processed and the aerodynamic coefficient and derivative estimates are obtained. The estimation results are reasonable, which shows that the developed techniques are feasible. The causes for the distribution of aerodynamic derivative estimates are analyzed. Accordingly, several measures to improve estimation accuracy are put forward.     

一种新的微细精密航空制造技术—纯水微细电解加工的工艺研究(英文)

为了寻求航空精密微细制造新技术并实现绿色制造和精密微细制造,对一种新型微细电解加工方法——纯水微细电解加工进行了研究。基于水解离机理,在新研制的试验装置上,采用不同的试验条件,进行了一系列工艺试验,探索并揭示了实现纯水微细电解加工的必要工艺条件和工艺规律,加工了圆孔和字母"PW-ECM";还研究了超声振动—纯水电解复合加工新方法,进而在不锈钢薄片上加工出三角、方形盲孔、三角通孔;试验研究结果证明了纯水微细电解加工的可行性。     

Observations of whistler-type echoes on signals of a ground VLF transmitter on board the ‘iterkosmos-19’ satellite

Signals of VLF transmitters of the Omega navigation system located in the auroral zone (66.4°N, 13.2°E, L= 5) were recorded by the VLF receiving equipment of the Interkosmos 19 satellite. Signals at frequencies between 10.2 and 13.6 kHz were received in a region above the transmitters, frequently with whistler-type echoes. An analysis of these echoes has shown their predominating occurrence in periods of low geomagnetic activity (Kp<2+). The occurrence region of these phenomena in the outer ionosphere has the dimension of about 1000 km and its position is betweenL= 2.5 and L= 4.4. The delay of echo-signals is practically the same during one satellite pass but its values for different satellite revolutions lie between 2.5 and 3.5 s. The frequency spectrum of these signals can be broadened up to 100 Hz. On the basis of calculations made, it can be shown that the experimental results are generally in accordance with the hypothesis of nonlinear ducting of VLF waves in the magnetosphere.     

Study on Compressive Properties of Z-pinned Laminates in RTD and Hygrothermal Environment

Compressive tests of [0] 12 and [90] 12 unidirectional laminates and [45/0/-45/90] 2S quasi-isotropic laminates are accomplished in both room-temperature and dry (RTD) and hygrothermal environment. And simulation studies on the compressive strength of Z-pinned laminates of [0] 12 and [45/0/-45/90] 2S are conducted by using finite element analysis (FEA). A microstructural unit cell for FEA is created to simulate a representative laminates unit with one pin. Within the unit cell, the first directions of the elements’ material coordinate systems are changed to simulate the fibres’ deflecting around the pin. The hygrothermal effect is simulated by the material properties’ adjustments which are determined by the compressive tests of non-pined laminates. The experimental results indicate that the percentage of reduction in the compressive modulus of Z-pinned laminates caused by Z-pin becomes smaller with the percentage of 0° fibres decreasing in the laminates; the compressive strength of quasi-isotropic laminates reduces and the percentage of the reduction in the compressive strength declines with Z-pin volume content increasing, and the moisture absorption ratio of the Z-pinned specimens is greater than that of the non-pinned specimens, because the cracks around Z-pin increase the moisture absorption. In addition, the simulations show that the deflection of fibres around Z-pin is the main factor for the reduction in the compressive strength of Z-pinned unidirectional laminates, the dilution of fibre volume content caused by resin-rich pocket is the principal factor for the decline in the compressive strength of Z-pinned quasi-istropic laminates, and the compressive strength of Z-pinned specimens in hygrothermal environment reduces as the result of superimposition of some factors, including the changes in material properties caused by hygrothermal environment, the deflection of fibres and the resin-rich pocket caused by Z-pin.