To Fly to the Sun: Solar Probe Mission & Technology Challenges

To fly close to the Sun (to a perihelion of 4 solar radii) represents many unique challenges to a mission and spacecraft design. The solar probe design is a result of over two decades of studies that have allowed the evolution of both the mission and trajectory design, as well as the spacecraft configurations. During these studies some of the most significant design challenges have been the trajectory design, the spacecraft shield design, the spacecraft configuration, the telecommunications near perihelion, science instrument accommodations, and minimizing mission cost. This latter challenge (minimum cost) permeates all other design issues suggesting specific solutions consistent with this constraint. This presents the evolution and rationale that have taken place to arrive at the current design for this challenging mission.     

考虑转捩影响的翼型动态失速数值模拟

用数值求解雷诺平均NS方程的方法来对考虑转捩影响的中低雷诺数下振荡翼型动态失速进行数值模拟,计算中采用了k-ω SST两方程湍流模式,并加入Chen-Thyson转捩模型来模拟流动中的转捩效应.采用该方法分别对雷诺数Re=1.35×105和Re=7.7×104情况下NACA0012翼型的动态失速进行了数值模拟.计算结果显示:计算出的翼型动态失速气动力系数迟滞曲线与实测结果符合较好;对于Re=7.7×104的工况,实测的升力系数迟滞曲线中出现了高频振荡,计算结果有效地捕捉到了这一流动现象,并通过分析瞬时流线的计算结果揭示出尾缘涡的涡脱落是引起该高频振荡的主要原因.此外,通过数值计算分析了中低雷诺数下减缩频率对升力系数迟滞曲线的影响,从结果中看到,随着减缩频率的增加,翼型的失速攻角值会增加,升力系数峰值会增加;当减缩频率减小时,升力系数曲线中的高频振荡频率会增加.通过进一步计算分析知,升力曲线中高频振荡的产生不仅取决于减缩频率,还取决于流动的雷诺数,只有在中低雷诺数、较小的减缩频率下翼型动态失速的升力迟滞曲线中才有可能出现高频振荡.