航天产品实施通用化、系列化、组合化有关问题的研究

阐述了在航天产品研制中全面实施“三化”是以最少人力、最低成本、最短研制周期满足最可靠产品的重要途径和手段,分析了目前航天产品实施“三化”存在的主要问题及原因,探讨了实施的基本思路,从意识形态、组织机构和政策倾斜等方面提出了加强“三化”工作的对策。     

液冷头盔致冷效能的医学研究

在45℃高温条件下,应用液冷头盔给10名被试者的头颈部致冷,散热效能较高,可带走安静时30.9％～48.3％的代谢产热。降低身体的热蓄积,减少出汗,减慢心率、直肠温度和皮肤温度的上升速率。对头颈部致冷可降低身体的热紧张度50％～70％,明显改善对温热的舒适感觉。同时表明,致冷液温、流量及液流走向,对致冷效能均有显著影响。为液冷头盔及致冷装置的设计,提供了医学实验依据。     

端羟基GAP粘合剂的合成及其性能表征综述

综述了端羟基 GAP 粘合剂的合成方法及其性能表征.认为支链 GAP、改性 GAP能够改善 GAP 推进剂的力学性能.GAP 粘合剂的性能表征包括理化结构参数及安全性能的表征等.     

Emergence of a Habitable Planet

We address the first several hundred million years of Earth’s history. The Moon-forming impact left Earth enveloped in a hot silicate atmosphere that cooled and condensed over ∼1,000 yrs. As it cooled the Earth degassed its volatiles into the atmosphere. It took another ∼2 Myrs for the magma ocean to freeze at the surface. The cooling rate was determined by atmospheric thermal blanketing. Tidal heating by the new Moon was a major energy source to the magma ocean. After the mantle solidified geothermal heat became climatologically insignificant, which allowed the steam atmosphere to condense, and left behind a ∼100 bar, ∼500 K CO₂ atmosphere. Thereafter cooling was governed by how quickly CO₂ was removed from the atmosphere. If subduction were efficient this could have taken as little as 10 million years. In this case the faint young Sun suggests that a lifeless Earth should have been cold and its oceans white with ice. But if carbonate subduction were inefficient the CO₂ would have mostly stayed in the atmosphere, which would have kept the surface near ∼500 K for many tens of millions of years. Hydrous minerals are harder to subduct than carbonates and there is a good chance that the Hadean mantle was dry. Hadean heat flow was locally high enough to ensure that any ice cover would have been thin (<5 m) in places. Moreover hundreds or thousands of asteroid impacts would have been big enough to melt the ice triggering brief impact summers. We suggest that plate tectonics as it works now was inadequate to handle typical Hadean heat flows of 0.2–0.5 W/m². In its place we hypothesize a convecting mantle capped by a ∼100 km deep basaltic mush that was relatively permeable to heat flow. Recycling and distillation of hydrous basalts produced granitic rocks very early, which is consistent with preserved >4 Ga detrital zircons. If carbonates in oceanic crust subducted as quickly as they formed, Earth could have been habitable as early as 10–20 Myrs after the Moon-forming impact.     

导弹复合材料立尾的动力特性分析

对Ｈｅｌｌｉｎｇｅｒ－Ｒｅｉｓｓｎｅｒ变分原理进行了详尽论述。依据该变分原理推导了基于折线假设的复合材料层板元素的刚度矩阵，复合材料面板蜂窝夹芯元素的刚度矩阵。在形成元素刚度矩阵时，在子域一极求逆节省大量机时。介绍了动力特性的分析和试验方法。运用Ｈ－Ｒ元素计算了导弹复合材料立尾的动力持性，取得了满意的结果。     

几种流体壁面剪切力测压管的性能研究

对四种壁画型流体剪切力测量差压计Ｓｔａｎｔｏｎ管，Ｋ型管，穴型管，及微孔表面差压管在湍流边界层条件下进行试验并对其结构特点进行比较后表明，这四种差压计具有相同的特征，所测量的区差均为流量动量变化所致，其流体剪切力可以表示为τ＝Ｃ△Ｐ￣ｎ，为避免对标定数据过于繁复的多段拟会，并使差压计能在较大测量范围内保持拟合公式的精度，各类差压管在与固体壁画铅垂方向上的尺度值应尽量低，微孔表面差压管结构复杂，灵敏度低，但它具有线性特性。     

The Interplanetary Internet: a communications infrastructure for Mars exploration

A strategy is being developed whereby the current set of internationally standardized space data communications protocols can be incrementally evolved so that a first version of an operational "Interplanetary Internet" is feasible by the end of the decade. This paper describes its architectural concepts, discusses the current set of standard space data communications capabilities that exist to support Mars exploration and reviews proposed new developments. We also speculate that these current capabilities can grow to support future scenarios where human intelligence is widely distributed across the Solar System and day-to-day communications dialog between planets is routine.     

Finding a ‘genuine’ space policy for Europe: the European space policy workshop series

Despite some impressive programmes, Europe has not yet succeeded in forging a coherent space policy and, as a result, has not achieved its full potential in this field. As efforts to formulate a more comprehensive policy intensify, a series of workshops has been initiated in order to provide an independent platform, allowing broad participation, for discussion of the issues. This article describes the rationale behind the process and the structure of the workshops and reports on the highlights of the first workshop, examining the fundamental questions involved. The themes of forthcoming workshops are also presented.     

自硬树脂砂型的开裂原因及防止措施

简述了冷硬树脂砂型在某些情况下的产生开裂的原因及机理，讨论了几种解决的方法，有利于改进产品质量，减少双方的经济损失。     

航天器舷窗玻璃超高速撞击损伤与M/OD撞击风险评估

用北京卫星环境工程研究所的18mm口径二级轻气炮(TLGG)和20 J激光驱动微小飞片装置(LDFF-20)对用作航天器舷窗玻璃的熔融石英玻璃的超高速撞击损伤特性进行了实验研究和分析.其中,TLGG发射的球形铝弹丸直径分别为1 mm和3 mm,速度2～6.5 km/s;LDFF-20发射的圆柱形飞片厚度7 μm,直径1 mm,速度1～8.3 km/s.撞击结果为:对12 mm厚的熔融石英玻璃,直径为3mm的弹丸甚至在2.8 km/s的低速下就将其穿透,而直径为1 mm的弹丸在6.5km/s的高速下没有穿透,这说明弹丸直径对撞击损伤特性有很强的影响;LDFF-20发射的微小飞片的撞击仅在玻璃表面产生很浅的凹坑,没有裂纹产生,但微小飞片的累积撞击损伤明显地降低了玻璃的透光性.实验初步获得了侵彻深度PC、侵彻直径D1与弹丸撞击速度Vp、弹丸质量Mp之间的经验关系.依据实验结果和目前的微流星体/空间碎片(M/OD)环境工程模型,建议对于高度为400 km、轨道倾角42°、寿命为3年的典型航天器,其舷窗玻璃的临界安全(非穿透)厚度至少为12mm.