热塑性复合材料的高温性能

一、前言 高性能的热塑性复合材料的应用领域是极其广泛的。但是,象许多新材料一样,它们的设计数据资料一时还弄不全,因此应用设计不得不保守一点,它们的性能潜力也就得不到充分的发挥和利用。 评价这种材料的高温性能尤其困难,因为几乎没有什么试验数据或使用数据的资料可供参考。为此,美国“LNP工程塑料公司”提出了一个试验计划,以确定玻璃纤维增强的或碳纤维增强的耐高温热塑性复合材料的性能。试验以PES(聚醚砜)、PEI(聚醚酰亚胺)、HTA(一种类似于聚醚砜的新型耐高温非结晶态树脂,由英国化学工业公司出品)、PPS     

中远程巡航导弹突防对抗技术研究

具有精确打击特点的中远程巡航导弹是各国防御 /防空体系重点拦截和摧毁的目标 ,西方强国纷纷加大了在防御巡航导弹方面的投入 ,因此巡航导弹的突防对抗能力成为其能否完成作战使命的关键。从巡航导弹面临的战场环境威胁分析入手 ,指出了巡航导弹可采取的突防对抗技术措施。     

Survival of Bacillus subtilis endospores on ultraviolet-irradiated rover wheels and Mars regolith under simulated Martian conditions

Endospores of Bacillus subtilis HA101 were applied to a simulated Mars Exploration Rover (MER) wheel and exposed to Mars-normal UV irradiation for 1, 3, or 6 h. The experiment was designed to simulate a contaminated rover wheel sitting on its landing platform before rolling off onto the martian terrain, as was encountered during the Spirit and Opportunity missions. When exposed to 1 h of Mars UV, a reduction of 81% of viable endospores was observed compared to the non-UV irradiated controls. When exposed for 3 or 6 h, reductions of 94.6% and 96.6%, respectively, were observed compared to controls. In a second experiment, the contaminated rover wheel was rolled over a bed of heat-sterilized Mars analog soil; then the analog soil was exposed to full martian conditions of UV irradiation, low pressure (6.9 mbar), low temperature (-10°C), and an anaerobic CO(2) martian atmosphere for 24 h to determine whether endospores of B. subtilis on the contaminated rover wheel could be transferred to the surface of the analog soil and survive martian conditions. The experiment simulated conditions in which a rover wheel might come into contact with martian regolith immediately after landing, such as is designed for the upcoming Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover. The contaminated rover wheel transferred viable endospores of B. subtilis to the Mars analog soil, as demonstrated by 31.7% of samples showing positive growth. However, when contaminated soil samples were exposed to full martian conditions for 24 h, only 16.7% of samples exhibited positive growth-a 50% reduction in the number of soil samples positive for the transferred viable endospores.