NASA／GSFC基于COTS的地面数据系统的进展报告及其在新领域的扩展

集成化监视、分析、控制的ＣＯＴＳ系统（ＩＭＡＣＣＳ）是用于实时卫星遥控和遥测、轨道和姿态确定、事件预测和数据趋向预报的系统，１９９５年由ＮＡＳＡ哥达德航天中心（ＧＳＦＣ）在９０天内建造成功。本文描述了对最初基于商业成品（ＣＯＴＳ）样机所做的改进，包括系统的自动化能力和航天器的总装与测试（Ｉ＆Ｔ）能力的提高。对样机的进一步扩展是安装对航天器的直接射频接口。如原样机一样，与用户专用系统开发方法相比所有     

The astrobiology primer: an outline of general knowledge--version 1, 2006

The Astrobiology Primer has been created as a reference tool for those who are interested in the interdisciplinary field of astrobiology. The field incorporates many diverse research endeavors, but it is our hope that this slim volume will present the reader with all he or she needs to know to become involved and to understand, at least at a fundamental level, the state of the art. Each section includes a brief overview of a topic and a short list of readable and important literature for those interested in deeper knowledge. Because of the great diversity of material, each section was written by a different author with a different expertise. Contributors, authors, and editors are listed at the beginning, along with a list of those chapters and sections for which they were responsible. We are deeply indebted to the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI), in particular to Estelle Dodson, David Morrison, Ed Goolish, Krisstina Wilmoth, and Rose Grymes for their continued enthusiasm and support. The Primer came about in large part because of NAI support for graduate student research, collaboration, and inclusion as well as direct funding. We have entitled the Primer version 1 in hope that it will be only the first in a series, whose future volumes will be produced every 3-5 years. This way we can insure that the Primer keeps up with the current state of research. We hope that it will be a great resource for anyone trying to stay abreast of an ever-changing field.     

A Sensate Liner for personnel monitoring applications

This program develops and demonstrates technologies useful for implementing a manageable cost effective systems approach to monitoring the medical condition of personnel by way of an instrumented uniform hereafter referred to as a Sensate Liner (SL). The SL consists of a form fitting garment which contains and interconnects sensing elements and devices to an electronics pack containing a processor and transmitter. The SL prototype requires fiber, textile, garment and sensor development. The SL textile consists of a mesh of electrically and optically conductive fibers integrated into the normal structure (woven or knitted) of fibers and yarns selected for comfort and durability. A suite of SL garment compatible embedded biological and physical sensors are then integrated into the SL. The initial SL sensor suite is selected to improve triage for combat casualties. Additional SL sensor concepts for medical monitoring will be discussed.     

星座通信系统测控模式探讨

立足星座通信系统的测控观点，基于卫星自主管理和采用新的伪码扩频测控体制，探讨简化地面测控管理所必需完成的大量复杂跟踪测量与控制任务的可行性，研究星座通信系统测控管理的操作设想。     

"宙斯盾"武器系统的支援方案

计划装在“霍恩”导弹巡洋舰(CG-30)上的AN-48E型对空搜索雷达本月交付美国海军使用,从而使美海军的一项长期发展计划又朝前迈进了一大步,此计划旨在提高海面舰艇对敌方高空反舰巡航导弹的防御能力.跟踪距离达370km的SPS-48E雷达属于海军的新威胁对抗系统(NTU)的一个重要组成部分.NTU是专为29艘配备有“鞑靼人”、“小猎犬”反空袭作战(AAW)火控系统的巡洋舰和驱逐舰所研制的一种整体式防空系统.“霍恩”舰将是配备NTU的第12艘战舰.     

Skylab task and work performance (experiment M-151--time and motion study)

The primary objective of Experiment M151 was to study by means of time and motion analytic techniques the inflight adaptation of Skylab crewmen to a variety of task situations involving different types of activity. A parallel objective was to examine astronaut inflight performance for any behavioral stress effects associated with the working and living conditions of the Skylab environment. Training data provided the basis for comparison of preflight and inflight performance. Efficiency was evaluated through the adaptation function, namely, the relation of performance time over task trials. The results indicate that the initial changeover from preflight to inflight (or, from 1-G to zero-G) was accompanied by a substantial increase in performance time for most work and task activities. Equally important was the finding that crewmen adjusted rapidly to the weightless environment and became proficient in developing techniques with which to optimize task performance. By the end of the second inflight trial, most of the activities were performed almost as efficiently as on the last preflight trial. In addition, the analysis demonstrated the sensitivity of the adaptation function to differences in task and hardware configuration. The function was found to be more regular and less variable inflight than preflight. Translation and control of masses (large or small) were accomplished easily and efficiently through the rapid development of the arms and legs (and the entire body) as subtle guidance and restraint systems. Finally, the adaptation function provided no evidence of behavioral stress effects attributable to the Skylab environment.     

用于小型探测器类航天器的廉价地面系统

为了支持ＮＡＳＡ的小型探测器（ＳＭＥＸ）工程，哥达德航天中心的专用载荷部已开发研制了一个用于航天器总装和测试以及在轨运行的廉价地面数据系统。因为系统设计方案的灵活多变和低费用，也可用于哥达德中心的非ＳＭＥＸ卫星。本文介绍该系统以及开发过程中采用的设计原则，讨论在ＮＡＳＡ目前所见到的航天器操作发展趋势下该系统如何用于低费用操作。