论“译不准”

将翻译的“译不准”转化为“译得准”,一直是人们孜孜以求的目标。然而,绝对忠实于原文的译文是不存在的。本文从萨丕尔——沃尔夫假说、奎因的“翻译的不确定性”论点、当代释义学以及皮亚杰的发生认识论等几方面分析了“译不准”现象,得到的结论是:“译不准”不总是消极的,有时还有其不可缺少的积极作用。此外,还从文化交流的角度探讨了“译不准”的几种不同情况。文章最后提到了“有意译不准”与“无意译不准”之间的区别。     

Integrated Framework for Understanding Relationship Between Human Error and Aviation Safety

Introducing a framework for understanding the relationship between human error and aviation safety from multiple perspectives and using multiple models. The first part of the framework is the perspective of individual operator using the information processing model. The second part is the group perspective with the Crew Resource Management （CRM） model. The third and final is the organization perspective using Reason＇s Swiss cheese model. Each of the perspectives and models has been in existence for a long time, but the integrated framework presented allows a systematic understanding of the complex relationship between human error and aviation safety, along with the numerous factors that cause or influence error. The framework also allows the identification of mitigation measures to systematically reduce human error and improve aviation safety.