基于测试数据的卡箍非线性等效建模方法

为了快速准确地计算卡箍管路系统的振动响应,提出了基于测试数据的卡箍非线性等效建模方法。对卡箍直管系统进行低幅值激励的模态测试,利用试验数据对有限元模型进行修正,识别卡箍线性刚度、线性阻尼参数。对卡箍直管系统开展不同激励水平下的恒力测试,通过样条插值多项式法将恒力频响函数转换为恒位移、恒速度频响函数,并进一步识别卡箍非线性等效刚度、非线性等效阻尼,建立了考虑卡箍非线性的等效动力学模型。研究表明:该卡箍等效动力学模型的预测频响函数与试验频响函数的最大误差仅为-6.9%,可以有效地反映卡箍实际的刚度、阻尼特性,对解决卡箍管路系统的振动响应分析具有重要的指导意义。      

HB-2 high-velocity correlation model at high angles of attack in supersonic wind tunnel tests

Responding to a need for experimental data on a standard wind tunnel model at high angles of attack in the supersonic speed range, and in the absence of suitable reference data, a series of tests of two HB-2 standard models of different sizes was performed in the T-38 trisonic wind tunnel of Vojnotehnickˇi Institut(VTI), in the Mach number range 1.5–4.0, at angles of attack up to+30°. Tests were performed at relatively high Reynolds numbers of 2.2 millions to 4.5 millions(based on model forebody diameter). Results were compared with available low angle of attack data from other facilities, and, as a good agreement was found, it was assumed that, by implication, the obtained high angle of attack results were valid as well. Therefore, the results can be used as a reference database for the HB-2 model at high angles of attack in the supersonic speed range, which was not available before. The results are presented in comparison with available reference data, but also contain data for some Mach numbers not given in other publications.     

Cutting force model and damage formation mechanism in milling of 70wt% Si/Al composite

High-mass fraction silicon aluminium composite(Si/Al composite) has unique properties of high specific strength, low thermal expansion coefficient, excellent wear resistance and weldability. It has attracted many applications in terms of radar communication, aerospace and automobile industry. However, rapid tool wear resulted from high cutting force and hard abrasion, and damaged machined surfaces are the main problem in machining Si/Al composite. This work aims to reveal the mechanisms of milli...     

Effect of selective laser treatment on initiation of fatigue crack in the main part of an undercarriage drag strut

This paper presents the results of material characterization and a fatigue test conducted for a laser-re-melted drag strut used in an aircraft landing gear. The drag strut was re-melted with a CO_2 laser beam. Eight re-melted paths were made in the form of spiral lines along the axis of the drag strut. Next, the drag strut was subjected to variable loads on a testing machine simulating loads occurring when an aircraft lands. The fatigue test showed that the laser-treated drag strut was able to withstand 1700 simulated cycles of landing. This result was 70% better than that obtained for a drag strut with no laser treatment. In order to find the reason for the increase in the number of cycles of simulated landings, tests were carried out using transmission and scanning electron microscopes, a computer microtomograph, an X-ray diffractometer, and a nanoindenter,respectively. Results of the conducted research indicated that the reasons for the increased fatigue life of the laser-treated undercarriage drag strut were both an ultra-fine cellular martensitic microstructure and compressing residual stresses generated during the laser re-melting of the surface layer of the material.     

CNT树脂基复合材料断裂韧性的优化设计

与碳纤维相比,碳纳米管（CNT）具有更高的力学性能和更低的密度,是理想的树脂基复合材料增强相,在航空航天领域具有广阔应用前景。提出一套CNT树脂基复合材料单边缺口弯曲（SENB）试件制备工艺以及微纳观结构和参数的测量方法。采用不同长度的多壁碳纳米管和不同时长的臭氧处理,制备出SENB试件进行断裂韧性实验,定量分析微纳观参数界面长度和C—C键密度对宏观断裂韧性的影响,提出断裂韧性优化方案。研究结果表明：界面C—C键密度和臭氧处理时间呈线性关系;相对增韧率随着臭氧处理时间先大幅增加后大幅下降,即存在临界界面C—C键密度使得复合材料的相对增韧率最大;弱界面的相对增韧率随着界面长度先大幅增加后略微下降;强界面的相对增韧率随着界面长度先大幅增加后大幅下降;当断面的CNT拔出和拔断的占比相近（即复合材料失效形式从CNT拔出转变为拔断）时断裂韧性最大。     

微尺度拉伐尔喷管冷态流场及其推进性能

为了研究微尺度超声速喷管的推进性能,采用无滑移的连续介质模型,对二维和三维微尺度拉伐尔喷管的冷态流场进行数值模拟。对不同算例的模拟结果进行比较,给出二维微喷管对几何结构和工作条件的要求,结果表明,在绝大部分工作条件下,20°扩张角是较好的外形设计选择;对三维和二维模拟结果进行比较,给出二维微喷管对蚀刻深度的要求,结果表明,蚀刻深度和喷管喉部宽度的比值超过10时,微喷管具备很好的二维特性。     

航空发动机高压转子试验模型的动力学相似设计

为了获得能够替代航空发动机转子原型进行动力学试验的模型，提出了发动机转子系统试验模型的动力学相似设计方法。采用相似理论推导了转子系统缩比模型的动力学相似准则，继而建立缩比模型与原型的动力学相似关系。通过动力学优化方法对转子缩比模型的动力学等效模型进行修正，目标函数由固有频率、临界转速和振型组成。以双转子发动机高压转子系统的动力学相似设计为例，通过有限元仿真对设计方法的有效性进行了验证。结果表明，在设计转速范围内，动力学相似模型与原型的前两阶临界转速相似误差分别为3.92%和0.86%，对应振型的相关性均大于0.98，且模型与原型的模态应变能分布基本一致。通过该方法获得的动力学相似模型能够较好地预测原型的动力学特性，并有效降低模型试验的成本和难度。     

Composite impact vector control based on Apollo descent guidance

A new three-dimensional missile guidance law to control the impact vector against a stationary target is proposed. The composite guidance law has two well-known components: Apollo descent guidance and trajectory shaping guidance. These respectively linear and planar guidance laws are combined to achieve a specified impact direction. The main idea is to define an impact plane and to steer the missile onto this plane using Apollo descent guidance while concurrently performing trajectory shaping wi...     

旋转叶盘的非接触激光多普勒定点跟踪测试与振动分析

提出了一种旋转叶盘的非接触激光定点跟踪测振方法,以研究叶盘结构在旋转状态下的振动特性。通过控制扫描系统中x、y振镜的偏转实现对叶盘上任意定点的跟踪测试,同时搭建了旋转跟踪试验测试系统,以16叶片旋转叶盘的同步跟踪测试为例,对激光跟踪测试方法进行验证。通过对旋转叶盘定点跟踪测试得到的时域振动信号进行滤波处理和频谱分析,获得了旋转状态下叶盘的叶片前3阶固有频率对应的不同节径的模态族频率。结果显示:激光对旋转叶盘上一点的跟踪测试数据中,可以提取出整个叶盘的振动频率特性。对比不同转速下旋转叶盘的有限元仿真计算与跟踪测试结果,两者振型具有很好的一致性,且频差在5%以内,验证了该激光跟踪测量方法的可行性和有效性。为航空发动机等旋转机械运行状态下的振动测试提供了一种有效的技术手段。