椭圆振动切削加工的同步控制研究

利用椭圆振动切削加工的回转体表面微织构是在机床主轴旋转、平台进给和装置椭圆振动的联合运动下得到的,机床主轴转动与装置位移输出如果不能保持完全的实时同步,会造成微织构加工的偏差。为了解决这一问题,提出了一种新的基于转角的同步控制方法,该方法在主轴的对位基准处实现装置正弦信号的复位,以修正转速漂移造成的加工位置误差,并通过判断主轴角度信号实时输出对应幅值电压来实时同步信号输出和机床旋转运动。基于LabVIEW FPGA搭建同步控制模块,经试验验证,利用该方法加工的矩形阵列微织构轴向排列与中轴线平行,与周向排列的夹角和仿真结果的偏差不超过0.1°,织构深度随转角的不同发生预设的变化,因此,同步控制方法具有实时同步控制椭圆振动切削装置的能力。     

Semi-supervised gear fault diagnosis using raw vibration signal based on deep learning

In aerospace industry, gears are the most common parts of a mechanical transmission system. Gear pitting faults could cause the transmission system to crash and give rise to safety disaster. It is always a challenging problem to diagnose the gear pitting condition directly through the raw signal of vibration. In this paper, a novel method named augmented deep sparse autoencoder (ADSAE) is proposed. The method can be used to diagnose the gear pitting fault with relatively few raw vibration signal data. This method is mainly based on the theory of pitting fault diagnosis and creatively combines with both data augmentation ideology and the deep sparse autoencoder algorithm for the fault diagnosis of gear wear. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by experiments of six types of gear pitting conditions. The results show that the ADSAE method can effectively increase the network generalization ability and robustness with very high accuracy. This method can effectively diagnose different gear pitting conditions and show the obvious trend according to the severity of gear wear faults. The results obtained by the ADSAE method proposed in this paper are compared with those obtained by other common deep learning methods. This paper provides an important insight into the field of gear fault diagnosis based on deep learning and has a potential practical application value.     

航空发动机双转子系统“临界跟随”现象的机理及影响

为了探明“临界跟随”现象导致航空发动机振动居高不下的产生机理,建立了考虑中介轴承的双转子动力学模型,推导了双转子发生“临界跟随”现象时参数之间的关系,分析了“临界跟随”状态下转子系统的动力学特性。结果表明:“临界跟随”现象会导致转子系统无法越过盘偏摆振型临界转速,造成转子振动对不平衡质量分布极其敏感,其主要影响因素为盘极转动惯量与直径转动惯量的比值(简称惯量比)以及双转子增速比；当高压盘等效惯量比等于1,或增速比与任意低压盘惯量比相等时,转子系统表现出高压激励条件下的“临界跟随”特征；当低压盘惯量比等于1,或增速比与高压盘等效惯量比的乘积等于1时,转子系统表现出低压激励条件下的“临界跟随”特征。提出了必须严格控制航空发动机叶盘的等效惯量比以及双转子转速控制律的设计建议。      

Investigation on nonlinear lateral-torsional coupled vibration of a rotor system with substantial unbalance

Substantial unbalance may be caused by fan blade off during the operation period of gas turbine engines, and related dynamic problems are very critical to the safety design of rotor system in aero-engine. This article aims to understand lateral-torsional coupled vibration of the rotor system with substantial unbalance. The governing equation of a modified unbalanced rotor system is established based on Lagrangian approach. Then, a mathematical analytical method is proposed in which a linear approximation is derived and the Floquet theory and Hill’s method are incorporated, from which the modal characteristics of the unbalanced rotor are obtained. The modal characteristics of the unbalanced rotor system are revealed comprehensively for the first time. Furthermore, the relation between the modes and responses of the unbalanced rotor is discussed in detail. The results show that the lateral vibration and torsional vibration of the unbalanced rotor are coupled through the inertial terms in the governing equations. Due to the coupling, veering and lock-in phenomena occur between the frequencies of the forward whirl mode and the torsional mode. Furthermore, lock-in can lead to a kind of principal instability. With regard to the response of the unbalanced rotor, both natural vibration components and enforced vibration components appear in the lateral response, while only natural vibration components appear during torsional vibration. Moreover, natural vibration components play a crucial role in the response within the principal instability region and cause divergence of the vibration amplitudes in the lateral and torsional directions.     

六自由度激励台精密高刚度铰链结构设计与试验应用

精密高刚度铰链作为六自由度并联激励平台中的关键组件,其性能高低对激励台的控制精度有直接影响。针对铰链所需满足的高刚度、高基频和无间隙等要求,文章提出了基于虎克铰结构的铰链设计方法。首先根据铰链所处的工况确定选用圆锥滚子轴承作为旋转支撑部件,并通过对轴承的配置和预紧实现无间隙振动运动的要求,从而确定了铰链结构形式。然后,利用有限元法校核了结构的刚度与基频,进而完成铰链结构方案和样机制造,并将样机集成于激励台中。最后,开展了铰链动态特性试验和激励台振动控制试验,分别获取了铰链的基频和激励台控制响应。结果表明,铰链可满足激励台工作频段内的使用要求,铰链设计合理。     

基于功率流理论的星上飞轮隔振效能研究

为分析隔振系统对星上飞轮扰动的衰减效果,需要对隔振系统的隔振效能进行评价。文章运用功率流理论进行飞轮隔振效能研究。建立柔性基础上飞轮隔振系统动力学模型,推导出系统的功率流传递表达式,并通过数值仿真计算初步分析了隔振系统结构参数对功率流传递谱的影响。研究结果可为系统结构参数的优化设计提供参考依据。     

用于叶片减振的压电材料分布拓扑优化

提出一种可用于实际叶盘结构的压电分支阻尼器拓扑优化方法,可以给出总质量受约束的压电材料在叶片上的最佳分布,达到尽可能大的模态阻尼比。通过理论推导说明:压电阻尼器所产生的模态阻尼比仅取决于模态机电耦合系数,且该系数只与压电材料的几何形状以及模态应力场有关。进一步结合压电本构关系,基于应力分量的线性加权给出了有限的压电材料在叶片上铺设位置“优先级”的判断指标。给出了基于叶盘结构有限元模型的压电材料拓扑优化方法,通过替换单元类型和材料参数的方式对压电材料进行布置,并给出了多模态族优化、极化方向设置、电极铺设等问题的解决方案。在一个接近真实的叶盘模型上应用了此优化方法。结果表明,仅使用质量占叶片质量10%的压电材料,就可以为多个模态提供约12%的阻尼比。      

横向振动下螺栓连接失效及影响因素研究

针对螺栓连接结构在横向振动下的失效问题进行试验研究,首先,对比相同条件下普通螺母与防松螺母的失效过程,结果表明普通螺母仅出现松动失效,而防松螺母会先出现部分松动,再因螺栓根部疲劳断裂而完全失效。同时在不同类型防松螺母中,Hard-lock螺母和施必牢螺母防松效果明显优于其他防松螺母。其次,考察拆卸次数、振动频率、幅值等因素对螺栓连接失效的影响规律,发现多次拆卸会改变普通螺母的失效形式;相对于振动频率,振动幅值和预紧力对螺栓失效的影响较大。     

基于改进准则法的复合壳阻尼结构拓扑减振动力学优化

针对复合壳阻尼结构的拓扑减振优化问题，以约束阻尼层的有限单元为设计变量，采用体积比、模态频率和振型为优化约束条件，构建以多模态权重系数的结构模态损耗因子数值关系为优化目标函数的拓扑减振优化模型。为了拓展优化目标灵敏度具有不局限于某一变密度法插值模型的形式，推导了数值表达式的一般函数式。动力学优化中优化目标灵敏度正、负数集共存，使得非凸性的目标函数设计变量出现负值或优化函数寻优于局部极值点。为此，推导出复合壳阻尼结构的全域灵敏度改进优化准则法迭代格，以确保每次迭代域均为全域设计变量集。结合有限单元法编程实现了复合壳阻尼结构改进准则法，并对复合壳结构进行拓扑减振优化分析。结果表明：在敷设体积减为全覆盖的50%时，复合壳结构的模态损耗因子增减偏差为10%，具有提升减振的轻量化设计目的；各阶目标函数和拓扑构型所需的迭代次数少，中间密度区域较小，多阶优于单阶模态优化函数，易于获得全域寻优的有效减振。     

基于室内无线模型的穿墙损耗校正

K-M（Keenan-Motley）模型将单墙固定损耗值相加来计算室内无线信号穿透多墙的总损耗值，存在较大误差。针对该问题选取多种室内场景分别进行连续波（Continuous Wave，CW）测试，对无线信号穿墙损耗的影响因素和变化规律进行分析，提出了一种基于人工神经网络的室内无线模型穿墙损耗校正方法，对预处理后的测试数据进行训练并建立预测模型。经验证该预测模型符合校正判别准则，在实际场景下具有良好的预测准确度。