失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度分析的高效算法

失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度分析对指导可靠性优化至关重要，本文从乘法降维及Edgeworth级数展开的角度提出一种失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度指标分析的高效算法。所提算法通过Edgeworth级数展开将失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度指标的求解转化为输出无条件及条件前四阶整数矩的求解。对于输出的无条件及条件四阶矩的计算，基于乘法降维的思想，本文推导了重复利用计算输出的无条件矩的输入输出样本来计算条件矩以及外层关于输入变量一维积分的计算公式，使得仅需重复利用输出无条件前四阶矩求解产生的积分网格内的数据即可同时求得输出的前四阶条件矩以及外层关于输入变量的一维积分。所提算法大大提高了失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度的分析效率。航空发动机涡轮盘以及汽车前轴的分析结果验证了所提算法的高效性及准确性。     

基于PERT网络的航空弹药保障人员优化配置

针对航空弹药保障效率和可靠性要求高的问题，在分析保障流程的计划评审技术（PERT，Program Evaluation and Review Technique）网络图中各工序对任务完工影响程度的基础上，提取了工序关键度指标和重要度指标以及各方案下的按期完工概率，建立了保障人员配置方案评价指标体系，表示为评价函数形式.以基于蒙特卡洛方法的PERT网络仿真为核心，选择在遗传算法进化寻优框架下构建优化模型，该方法不仅得到了最优的保障人员配置方案，而且评估了需要注重的关键工序.算例实验证实了其有效性与实用性.     

基于项目组合管理的民机型号评估指标体系

民用飞机研制项目具有高复杂度、高投入、周期长的特征,使得民机主制造商在同时进行多个型号的运营过程中面临诸多风险和挑战。借鉴国内外项目管理研究经验,结合我国民机行业发展阶段和面临问题,设计了适用于民机项目的战略评估技术并结合在我国民机企业的相关实践,评估技术能够帮助企业判断项目组合是否符合企业战略目标,确定各项目是否在既定轨道,使企业管理者明晰项目现存问题,尽早采取措施,规避战略性风险。相关研究成果及良好实践可供同业者,尤其是代表主制造商管理多个项目的项目部门或项目办公室成员借鉴参考。     

基于多代理模型的航空发动机建模及优化方法

为了进一步提高航空发动机建模及优化方法的性能，本文提出了一种基于多代理模型技术的建模及优化方法。本文首先提出了一种新的代理模型全局误差估计方法，以此建立了新的多代理模型建模方法。然后提出了一种组合模型预测偏差估计方法，以此发展了一种基于多代理模型技术的优化方法。6个不同维度及不同训练集大小的解析测试算例的结果表明，本文所发展的建模方法相较于现有方法精度更高，本文所发展的优化方法相较于经典代理模型优化方法算法收敛性更强。同时变循环发动机稳态性能建模及加速燃油控制规律优化实例表明，本文所发展的方法在处理实际工程问题时，依旧可以表现出良好的算法性能。     

堵塞条件下发动机高空试验推力差异分析

堵塞技术是降低发动机高空模拟试验成本和解决设备抽气能力不足的可行手段。在不同喷管排气环境压力条件下，某型带拉瓦尔喷管涡扇发动机完成了四组堵塞对推力影响的试验，发动机总推力试验值最大差异为6.2%。为揭示试验推力差异产生的原因，提高堵塞条件下发动机高空试验推力评估的准确性，开展了相关的理论分析和一维仿真计算，提出了主要影响量估算方法。结果表明：推力差异主要与发动机转速、结果修正方法和喷管扩张段流场特性有关；按文中提出的主要影响量估算方法计算了这些因素对推力的影响量，扣除影响量后总推力的最大差异降至0.8%；相同转速下，总推力相似换算值随喷管排气压力的升高呈增大趋势，最大差异达到3.3%。     

Advances in critical technologies for hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnel

Hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels and their measurement techniques are the cornerstone of the hypersonic flight era that is a dream for human beings to fly faster, higher and further. The great progress has been achieved during the recent years and their critical technologies are still in an urgent need for further development. There are at least four kinds of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels that are widely applied over the world and can be classified according to their operation modes. These wind tunnels are named as air-directly-heated hypersonic wind tunnel, light-gas-heated shock tunnel, free-piston-driven shock tunnel and detonation-driven shock tunnel, respectively. The critical technologies for developing the wind tunnels are introduced in this paper, and their merits and weakness are discussed based on wind tunnel performance evaluation. Measurement techniques especially developed for high-enthalpy flows are a part of the hypersonic wind tunnel technology because the flow is a chemically reacting gas motion and its diagnosis needs specially designed instruments. Three kinds of the measurement techniques considered to be of primary importance are introduced here, including the heat flux sensor, the aerodynamic balance, and optical diagnosis techniques. The techniques are developed usually for conventional wind tunnels, but further improved for hypersonic and high-enthalpy tunnels. The hypersonic ground test facilities have provided us with most of valuable experimental data on high-enthalpy flows and will play a more important role in hypersonic research area in the future. Therefore, several prospects for developing hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels are presented from our point of view.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

高超声速气动热预测技术及发展趋势

高超声速气动热预测技术是高超声速飞行器发展的关键技术之一。对高超声速气动热预测技术的发展情况进行了分析探讨。首先,简要回顾了国内外高超声速气动热理论预测及地面实验技术的发展历程;在此基础上,结合典型外形的计算与风洞试验结果的比较,重点介绍分析了气动热工程计算方法、数值模拟方法、气动热风洞试验设备的模拟能力及目前实验测试技术的研究水平;最后,对气动热预测技术的发展趋势进行了讨论,提出了气动热预测技术应研究解决的问题。     

基于FMECA信息的测试性验证试验样本分配方法

针对目前国内外测试性验证试验中普遍采用的基于故障率的分层抽样方法考虑因素单一,可能导致样本分配不尽合理,而现有考虑多因素的样本分配方法代表性不足,难以实现工程上的应用的问题,对影响样本分配的因素与故障模式影响及危害性分析(FMECA)信息的关系进行了详细分析,提出了基于FMECA信息的样本分配方法。首先定义了单元影响系数和影响因子向量,提出了向量各元素赋值规则,解决了影响因素选取的问题;其次通过基于逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)优化的层次分析法确定了权值矩阵,实现了样本分配。最后通过实例验证表明该方法考虑因素全面,运用灵活,更具代表性和工程应用价值。     

Advances in fabrication of ceramic corundum abrasives based on sol–gel process

Corundum abrasives with good chemical stability can be fabricated into various free abrasives and bonded abrasive tools that are widely used in the precision machining of various parts. However, these abrasives cannot satisfy the machining requirements of difficult-to-machine materials with high hardness, high strength, and strong wearing resistance. Although superhard abrasives can machine the above-mentioned materials, their dressing and manufacturing costs are high. By contrast, ceramic corundum abrasives fabricated by sol–gel method is a cost-effective product between conventional and superhard abrasives. Ceramic corundum abrasives exhibit self-sharpening and high toughness. In this review, the optimization methods of ceramic corundum abrasive properties are introduced from three aspects: precursor synthesis, particle shaping, and sintering. Firstly, the functional mechanism of seeds and additives on the microstructural and mechanical properties of abrasives is analyzed. Specifically, seeds can reduce the phase transition temperature and improve fracture toughness. The grain size and uniformly dense structure can be controlled by applying an appropriate amount of multicomponent additives. Then, the urgent need of engineering application and machinability of special shape ceramic corundum abrasives is reviewed, and three methods of abrasive shaping are summarized. The micromold replication technique is highly advanced and can be used to prepare functional abrasives. Additionally, the influence of a new sintering method, namely, two-step sintering technique, on the microstructural and mechanical performance of ceramic corundum abrasives is summarized. Finally, the challenge and developmental trend of the optimization of ceramic corundum abrasives are prospected.