石英玻璃的等离子体抛光技术研究现状

具有耐腐蚀、热膨胀系数低等诸多优良物理化学特性的石英玻璃在高性能光学系统中被广泛使用。要求元件达到纳米级别的表面粗糙度，而且没有损伤层和残余应力，因此精加工之后的超精密抛光工序尤为重要。本文介绍了气囊、磁流变、弹性发射、离子束等几种石英玻璃的精密抛光方法，侧重阐述了国内外等离子体的抛光技术，包括等离子体辅助化学刻蚀、等离子体喷射加工、等离子化学蒸发加工研究进展及取得的成果；且对等离子体的未来发展进行概述。     

蓄热式太阳能热光伏-热推进双模系统换热特性数值模拟研究

本文通过三维数值模拟研究蓄热式太阳能热光伏-热推进双模系统的蓄/释热特性和推进性能。在蓄热式太阳能热推进系统工程模型的基础上，通过射线光学的光路分析验证了聚光器设计的合理性，并获得吸热腔壁面能量分布情况，进一步研究了相变蓄热过程的影响因素。基于场协同原理对热光伏再生冷却结构进行了优化设计，使热光伏具有较好的散热特性，提高发电功率；通过整机流动换热仿真，分析了工质流体在推进器内部的换热情况，计算结果表明，蓄热式热推进器具有达到734s比冲和0.9N推力的推进性能，以及能够满足日蚀区微小卫星的供电和推力需求。     

高速进气道抛罩过程内流场演化特性研究

为探究进气道整流罩打开过程中内流场的演化规律,针对下颌式进气道及其配套整流罩,基于重叠网格法求解N-S方程,详细分析了抛罩过程中内流场演化过程与特征流场结构。研究表明,堵罩时,整流罩前端发展出V形激波,整流罩尾部形成后向台阶且产生一对涡矢量方向相反的流向涡,开罩过程中,整流罩前端的V形激波与尾部的后向台阶均会对内流场流动产生影响,捕获流量在中间某时刻达到峰值且大于稳定状态。对于开罩过程流动准定常且内流道无大分离区的流场,进气道在V形激波打在唇口时完成起动且整流罩在此后不影响内流场流动。假设的匀加速转动与重构出的真实转动吻合较好,对于更精确的运动过程模拟可采用三次函数的角速度变化律。     

航天器视场遮挡分析方法研究

敏感器视场遮挡分析是航天器构型布局设计的重要组成部分，针对大型在轨变构型航天器敏感器视场遮挡分析工作量大、出错率高、遮挡率无法量化等特点，本文提出一种基于敏感器第一视角的视场遮挡快速分析方法。该方法通过设置第一视角图像蒙版及图像映射，模拟方锥形、圆锥形、球形等各类敏感器视场，通过逐个像素比对，计算视场遮挡率和遮挡方位。使用此方法建立了空间站敏感器视场遮挡分析系统，结果表明新方法能够显著提高视场遮挡分析效率和准确率，并且为机构类部件运动过程对敏感器视场遮挡的分析提供了有效工具。     

复合材料构件热压罐成型模具温度均匀性分析

热压罐固化中成型模具的温度分布对复合材料固化质量有显著影响,提高与构件直接接触的模具型面温度均匀性有利于改善内部温度梯度,减小固化变形,提高成型精度。本文以复合材料构件热压罐框架式成型模具为对象,应用有限元方法,分析模具温度的分布,研究模具支撑结构对型板表面温度均匀性的影响。研究表明,支撑板厚度越薄,温度均匀性越好,与进气风口平行方向的支撑板对温度均匀性的影响更为显著,因此可优先考虑增加与进气风口垂直方向支撑板厚度来增加模具刚度。在保持面积不变的前提下,改变散热孔的形状,发现菱形与圆形散热孔具有较强的抗变形能力,而方形散热孔使得型板表面温度分布更加均匀。通过控制散热孔的布局改变风道时,发现T型风道对于改善温度均匀性的效果最佳。     

跨介质航行器波浪环境入水流场演变和运动特性研究

跨介质航行器是一种既可以在空中飞行又可以在水下潜航的新概念航行器,基于仿生学原理,提出一种通过改变外形实现水空介质跨越的航行器模型,通过入水试验装置和计算流体动力学方法,对航行器带攻角从空气到水的介质跨越过程进行了试验和数值仿真研究,得到了跨介质入水过程航行器的运动姿态和入水空泡形态,并通过数值仿真得到了航行器的升力、阻力、速度和加速度演化规律。同时基于数值模拟方法对有波浪情况和静水情况下航行器入水过程空泡演变以及运动特性进行对比。结果表明:提出的航行器构型在水中具有较好的姿态调整能力,波浪的有无和波高的不同都会对航行体入水运动特性造成影响。     

Effects of wing flexibility on aerodynamic performance of an aircraft model

The low-speed wind tunnel experiment is carried out on a simplified aircraft model to explore the influence of wing flexibility on the aircraft aerodynamic performance. The investigation involves the measurements of force, membrane deformation and velocity field at Reynolds number of 5.4 × 10⁴–1.1 × 10⁵. In the lift curves, two peaks are observed. The first peak, corresponding to the stall, is sensitive to the wing flexibility much more than the second peak, which nearly keeps constant. For the optimal case, in comparison with the rigid wing model, the delayed stall of nearly 5° is achieved, and the relative lift increment is about 90%. It is revealed that the lift enhanced region corresponds to the larger deformation and stronger vibration, which leads to stronger flow mixing near the flexible wing surface. Thereby, the leading-edge separation is suppressed, and the aerodynamic performance is improved significantly. Furthermore, the effects of sweep angle and Reynolds number on the aerodynamic characteristics of flexible wing are also presented.     

Energy principle and material removal sequence optimization method in machining of aircraft monolithic parts

In the machining process of aircraft monolithic parts, the initial residual stress redistribution and structural stiffness evolution often lead to unexpected distortions. On the other hand, the stress redistribution and stiffness reduction during the machining process depend on the material removal sequence. The essence of the stress redistribution is releasing the initial elastic strain energy. In the present study, the influence of the material removal sequence on the energy release is studied. Moreover, a novel optimization method is proposed for the material removal sequence. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the mechanism of the machining distortion is firstly analyzed based on the energy principle. Then a calculative model for the machining distortion of long beam parts is established accordingly. Moreover, an energy parameter related to the bending distortion and the procedure of the material removal sequence optimization is defined. Finally, the bending distortion analysis and material removal sequence optimization are performed on a long beam with a Z-shaped cross-section. Furthermore, simulation and experiments are carried out. The obtained results indicate that the optimized sequence results in a low distortion fluctuation and decreases the bending distortion.     

基于变马赫数的五孔探针三维插值方法

探讨了五孔探针气动数据的插值方法,为提高插值精度,开发了基于传统线性插值法的三维线性插值法。该方法把同一探针在不同马赫数下的校准图形成三维数据库,将实验数据通过三维图进行插值。并使用改进前后的两种插值方法分别对校准风洞测得的数据进行整理,对比结果证明:在实验工况连续变化的情况下,三维线性插值法在插值精度上要优于传统线性插值法。特别是在来流马赫数变化较大时,该方法可以改善单一校准文件处理造成的数据精度问题,可用于自动化流场采集系统,为流场高速高精度采集奠定基础。     

多机并联火箭羽流流场及其底部热环境分析

For the problem that the plume flow field structure of a multi engine parallel rocket is complicated and the bottom thermal environment is extremely harsh, which may cause the failure of the engine structural components, the plume flow field and thermal environment at different altitudes are studied through numerical simulation. The result is compared with the measured results in flight which shows that when the rocket is flying at a low altitude, the plume of the engines do not interfere with each other. As the flight altitude increases, the plumes gradually expand and begin to interfere with each other, and finally there is an obvious backflow at the bottom of the rocket. The maximum heat flux at the moment of take off is basically the same as the measured value in flight. Before the backflow occurs, the heat flux mainly consists of radiant heat, the convective heat flow increases as the flight altitude grows, but it is also much smaller than the peak heat flow at takeoff. The result has certain guiding significance for the optimal design of engine structure thermal protection.