六转子微型飞行器及其低雷诺数下的旋翼气动性能仿真

提出了一种新结构的六转子无人飞行器的概念,该飞行器可以在空间任意方向飞行,甚至可以在地面上滚动前进。分析了其可能的三种构型并给出了各自的运动方程,给出了三轴解耦时该飞行器的配置方式及转子空间位置。由于该飞行器具有小尺寸外形、低重量和飞行速度慢的特点,根据转子速度、弦长和飞行模态,计算得该飞行器的雷诺数变化范围为1×104到12.8×104。以选用的Eppler 387翼型作为分析对象,采用正投影混合网格方法对其在低雷诺数下的气动性能进行研究,得到了雷诺数分别为1×104,2×104,3×104和6×104下对应不同迎角的升力系数、阻力系数和升阻比,并对雷诺数为6×104下的升力系数仿真结果同试验结果进行了对比,二者具有较好的一致性。制作了六转子微型飞行器样机,实现了垂直起降及慢速前飞。     

Effect of blade tip winglet on the performance of a highly loaded transonic compressor rotor

The tip leakage flow has an important influence on the performance of transonic com-pressor. Blade tip winglet has been proved to be an effective method to control the tip leakage flow in compressor, while the physical mechanisms of blade tip winglet have been poorly understood. A numerical study for a highly loaded transonic compressor rotor has been conducted to understand the effect of varying the location of blade tip winglet on the performance of the rotor. Two kinds of tip winglet were designed and investigated. The effects of blade tip winglet on the compressor over-all performance, stability and tip flow structure were presented and discussed. It is found that the interaction of the tip winglet with the flow in the tip region is different when the winglet is located at suction-side or pressure-side of the blade tip. Results indicate that the suction-side winglet (SW) is ineffective to improve the performance of compressor rotor. In addition, a significant stall range extension equivalent to 33.74% with a very small penalty in efficiency can be obtained by the pressure-side winglet (PW). An attempt has been made to explain the fundamental mechanisms of blade tip winglet in detail.     

转动旋翼模型动柔度的试验研究

介绍测定转动旋翼模型动柔度的试验方案、试验程序,综述以作者自行设计的旋翼模型进行试验所得到的结果及其与理论计算结果的比较。结果表明,试验方案与方法是可行的,理论计算公式是正确的。     

民用飞机非包容性转子失效模型研究

服役经验表明,由于各种复杂因素,航空发动机和辅助动力装置非包容性转子失效仍会发生。为了分析发动机和辅助动力装置非包容性转子失效给飞机带来的危害,结合咨询通告AC20-128A的要求以及飞机设计的工程经验,开展了不同类型的转子失效模型设计研究。首先介绍了不同类型的碎片定义,其次根据不同的设计要求以及适应场景对转子失效模型进行了定义与分类,最后对不同的转子失效模型的构建方法、设计要点及应用进行了阐述,对于民用飞机发动机和辅助动力装置非包容性转子失效模型的设计与工程应用具有一定的指导意义。     

采用霍尔传感器的旋翼频率采集设计

为达到对旋翼飞机的控制,需要对旋翼转速进行采集.霍尔转速传感器以其高可靠性等优点常被用来测量转速.介绍了一种使用霍尔传感器进行旋翼转速采集系统,包括硬件构架,逻辑采集单元和软件设计,并给出了优化策略;通过试验数据分析,采集精度达到了预期.     

悬停状态下旋翼旋转噪声的分析

对直升机悬停时旋翼的旋转噪声进行了初步研究,分别用单极子和偶极子声源描述旋翼的厚度噪声和载荷噪声,并根据悬停状态下旋翼气动载荷的特点,用傅立叶级数表示旋翼桨盘上各点的气动力和法向气流速度,然后代入单极子和偶极子声源声辐射公式中,求出旋翼桨盘外某观察点的声压值。最后结合一算例,分析悬停状态下旋翼旋转噪声的辐射特性和不同的展向载荷分布模型对计算结果的响应。     

Design of Flight Control System for a Small Unmanned Tilt Rotor Aircraft

A tilt rotor is an aircraft of a special kind, which possesses the characteristics of a helicopter and a fixed-wing airplane. However, there are a great number of important technical problems waiting for settlements. Of them, the flight control system might be a critical one. This article presents the progresses of the research work on the design of flight control system at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA). The flight control law of the tilt rotor aircraft is designed with the help of an inner/outer loop control structure and an eigenstructure assignment algorithm on the basis of a proper mathematical model already verified by the wind tunnel tests. The proposed control law has been born out through the construction of the flight control system and the flight tests. Now, the flight tests are still underway on a prototype of small unmanned tilt rotor aircraft. The results have evidenced the credibility of the aircraft design and the effectiveness of the flight control system for the tilt rotor working in the helicopter mode. A full envelope flight test is planned to carry out further researches on the flight control law.     

前飞时海豚旋翼桨叶的气动弹性稳定性

本文推导了海豚直升机旋翼桨叶在前飞时的挥摆耦合运动的非线性微分方程组,研究了前飞旋翼的两种不同平衡过程(真实前飞和风洞试验),运用多变量的Floquet-Liapunov理论对带周期系数的线性系统进行了稳定性分析。最后,探讨了桨叶根部的阻尼约束对海豚直升机旋翼桨叶气动弹性稳定性的影响。     

旋翼桨叶结冰对直升机飞行性能的影响

采用由翼型冰风洞试验推导而来的工程公式,将旋翼结冰模型嵌入离散格式的旋翼气动模型,分别计算结冰后每个桨盘网格区域的翼型升、阻力系数的增量和挥舞系数的增量,建立了结冰后的UH-60A直升机飞行力学模型.结合发动机功率数据,通过改变结冰条件,研究了不同结冰参数对最大平飞速度、最大垂直爬升率和最大爬升率的影响.结果表明:在环境温度为0~-10℃时,降低环境温度会严重降低飞行性能;液态水含量对所选性能指标有一定影响;水滴直径对最大平飞速度的影响较小,对爬升性能的影响可忽略不计;飞行性能指标随结冰时间呈线性下降趋势.