不同舵翼操纵面形式的水动力及艇后流场特性数值模拟研究

为研究共翼型舵和非共翼型舵两种操纵面形式的艇后流场特性及螺旋桨推进特性，基于SST(Menter)湍流模型建立了SUBOFF标准潜艇模型尾流场数值预报模型。经试验结果验证，所建立数值模型进行潜艇尾流场及螺旋桨推进性能预报具有较高精度。将SUBOFF潜艇模型的水平舵改进为共翼型舵及非共翼型舵，对艇后流场及水动力性能进行了预报。数值结果表明：在舵角小于10°时，共翼型舵使潜艇的俯仰力矩和垂向力相对非共翼型舵提升20%以上；在舵角超过10°时，共翼型舵的水动力优势随着舵角增大而减小。尾部流场预报显示：共翼型舵在小舵角时可以有效的消除舵翼结合处的涡流，同时共翼型舵可以有效的降低桨盘面伴流的不均匀性，对尾流品质的改善效果优于非共翼型舵。螺旋桨计算结果显示：共翼型舵螺旋桨推进系数在大部分舵角下都小于非共翼型舵，在舵角为20°时，共翼型舵相对非共翼型舵推力系数下降3.5%，扭矩系数下降2.4%；同时共翼型舵的桨盘面流场均匀度要优于非共翼型舵，舵角为5°时，共翼型舵桨盘面处流场不均匀度相对于非共翼型舵要降低7.1%，舵角为25°时则降低25.1%。     

旋翼减摆自润滑衬套疲劳试验温度设计与控制

以高分子材料自润滑衬套为研究对象，其摩擦阻尼为旋翼摆振铰提供减摆阻尼，在直升机飞行时，摆振铰作周期摆振运动，产生大量的热，引起衬套温度升高，易造成摆振自润滑衬套阻尼值剧烈变化。通过建立旋翼支臂摆振铰自润滑衬套摩擦生热模型，计算了摆振铰摩擦总热流量，按摩擦副接触面最高温度相等假设计算热流量分配。对传热过程应用有限元稳态热进行求解，获得了直升机旋翼运转时摆振铰摩擦副的温度分布，再进行自润滑衬套疲劳耐久性试验装置水冷散热等同性分析，最终确定了试验装置控制温度参数，为旋翼摆振铰自润滑衬套疲劳耐久性考核试验设计和验证提供参数。     

VxWorks 653 应用性能监控与分析工具

介绍了VxWorks 653应用性能监控与分析工具的整体架构和各功能模块的设计与实现方法,其中重点阐述了目标机端时间资源监控、空间资源监控、系统事件监控、数据通信监控的实现方法.该工具能够在航电应用软件集成验证阶段提供应用运行过程中资源使用情况监控和性能分析评估,可以大幅提高航电软件的开发和集成效率.     

火星表面热环境对航天器热控影响分析

火星大气对太阳辐射产生吸收和散射作用，同时还将与火星表面航天器发生对流换热。热设计时难以直接评估对流、辐射和导热三种换热对航天器的影响，从而确定主要的控温途径。在调研火星表面辐射、大气等热环境的基础上，从线性化传热系数和对流辐射比的角度对比分析了辐射、对流和导热对航天器的影响。器表辐射传热系数随光学属性和温度的变化范围为0.3～1.4W/(m2·℃)，对流传热系数随风速变化为0.2～1.5W/(m2·℃)，器内导热传热系数可控制在0.25W/(m2·℃)以下。结果表明，太阳辐射较火星表面和天空辐射而言是主要外热源，航天器表面的辐射和对流换热为两条并联换热途径，两者均可成为主要换热途径，器内导热传热是控制航天器内外隔热的主要可控因素。     

S弯收扩喷管流动特性数值研究

为了研究S弯收扩喷管的流动机理，数值模拟了不同喷管落压比（NPR）和S形收敛管道出口面积比（A₇₂/A₈）对S弯收扩喷管内流动的影响。结果表明：当S弯收扩喷管处于高度过膨胀状态时，随着NPR升高，非对称分离逐渐转变为对称分离，λ型激波转变为马赫盘结构，气动性能下降，推力矢量角减小；随着NPR继续上升，激波从喷管内移动到喷管出口边缘，并逐渐转变为膨胀波，气动性能上升，推力矢量角减小至0°后保持不变。在完全遮挡高温部件的低可探测准则的约束下，出口面积比A₇₂/A₈的变化主要对S弯收扩喷管收敛段的流动特性产生显著影响，体现在S弯收扩喷管内的局部加速及二次流分布。S弯收扩喷管的气动性能随着A₇₂/A₈增大而提高，但当A₇₂/A₈增大至1.8时，第一弯管道出口上壁面发生流动分离，气动性能显著下降。     

Influence of leading edge with real manufacturing error on aerodynamic performance of high subsonic compressor cascades

To investigate the influence of real leading-edge manufacturing error on aerodynamic performance of high subsonic compressor blades, a family of leading-edge manufacturing error data were obtained from measured compressor cascades. Considering the limited samples, the leading-edge angle and leading-edge radius distribution forms were evaluated by Shapiro-Wilk test and quantile–quantile plot. Their statistical characteristics provided can be introduced to later related researches. The parameterization design method B-spline and Bezier are adopted to create geometry models with manufacturing error based on leading-edge angle and leading-edge radius. The influence of real manufacturing error is quantified and analyzed by self-developed non-intrusive polynomial chaos and Sobol’ indices. The mechanism of leading-edge manufacturing error on aerodynamic performance is discussed. The results show that the total pressure loss coefficient is sensitive to the leading-edge manufacturing error compared with the static pressure ratio, especially at high incidence. Specifically, manufacturing error of the leading edge will influence the local flow acceleration and subsequently cause fluctuation of the downstream flow. The aerodynamic performance is sensitive to the manufacturing error of leading-edge radius at the design and negative incidences, while it is sensitive to the manufacturing error of leading-edge angle under the operation conditions with high incidences.     

未来新一代轰炸机隐身特性需求分析

远程战略轰炸机的自身隐身性能提升和隐身航迹策略规划越来越受到重视。通过对比分析美俄下一 代隐身轰炸机的隐身性能和所面对的威胁,指出了未来新一代隐身轰炸机更高的隐身性能需求—全频谱、全 方位隐身技术,例如雷达隐身、红外隐身以及射频综合隐身等;并归纳了未来高隐身战略轰炸机的主要突防措 施,例如更先进的隐身技术、体系支持、高空突防、加装自卫武器等措施。     

微粒子喷丸技术研究进展

微粒子喷丸因其采用的弹丸介质尺寸小,具有强化基体表面并降低表面粗糙度的优点,已成为航空、能源动力等领域中一项重要的表面强化技术。目前对于该技术的研究仍处于对其强化机理的试验论证阶段,还未有完整的理论体系。对微粒子喷丸技术的原理和特点进行了综述,讨论了微粒子喷丸的强化机制,阐述了目前微粒子喷丸技术的研究现状及在各类材料中的应用,并指出了该技术的应用前景。研究各类参数对喷丸效果的影响将是微粒子喷丸发展的主要方向。     

Aerodynamic design of tractor propeller for high-performance distributed electric propulsion aircraft

Aiming to maximize the aerodynamic performance of the Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) aircraft, a hybrid design framework which focuses on the aerodynamic performance of the propeller/wing integration has been developed and validated numerically. Variable-fidelity modelling for propeller aerodynamics has been used to achieve computational efficiency with reasonable accuracy. By optimizing the aerodynamic loading distributions on the tractor propeller disk, the induced slipstream is redistributed into a form that is beneficial for the wing downstream, based on which the propeller blade geometry is generated through a rapid inversed design procedure. As compared with the Minimum Induced Loss (MIL) propeller at a specified thrust level, significant improvements of both the lift-to-drag ratio of the wing and the propeller/wing integrated aerodynamic efficiency is achieved, which shows great promise to deliver aerodynamic benefits for the wing within the propeller slipstream without any additional devices.