基于语义相似度计算的航天标准关联度评价

随着航天领域各级各类标准编制数量的逐年递增，相关标准之间的交叉重复制定问题随之而来。为解决该问题，文中通过计算语义相似度的方法开展航天领域标准名称、标准范围及主要内容的关联度评价。算例分析结果表明，该方法可以有效评估标准间的关联程度。     

Discrete time multiple spacecraft formation flying attitude optimal control in presence of relative state constraints

This paper addresses the challenge of synchronized multiple spacecraft attitude reorientation in presence of pointing and boundary constraints with limited inter-spacecraft communication link. Relative attitude pointing constraint among the fleet of spacecraft has also been modeled and considered during the attitude maneuvers toward the desired states. Formation fling control structure that consists of decentralized path planners based on virtual structure approach joint with discrete time optimal local controller is designed to achieve the mission’s goals. Due to digital computing of spacecraft’s onboard computer, local optimal controller based on discrete time prediction and correction algorithm has been utilized. The time step of local optimal algorithm execution is designed so that the spacecraft track their desired attitudes with appropriate error bound. The convergence of the proposed architecture and stability of local controller’s tracking error within appropriate upper bound are proved. Finally, a numerical simulation of a stereo imaging scenario is presented to verify the performance of the proposed architecture and the effectiveness of the algorithm.     

螺旋爆轰内部胞格结构实验探索

为研究螺旋爆轰胞格结构，选取预混气C2H2+2.5O2+85%Ar、C2H2+2.5O2+70%Ar与C2H2+5N2O在光滑管中进行爆轰实验，使用烟膜记录管道侧壁与端面胞格结构。编写MATLAB程序处理烟膜记录，比较侧壁横波间距、端面胞格直径平均值，以及相邻端面胞格中心点距离平均值与标准差。其中，侧壁横波间距明显大于管壁附近端面胞格直径平均值。另外，相较于稳定气，不稳定气近管壁与近管轴区域的端面胞格直径差异更大，不同压力下预混气C2H2+5N2O近管壁与近管轴区域的端面胞格直径差异分别为47.91 %、59.64 %、40.42 % 与37.21 %。为进一步探索爆轰波内部结构，使用CH4+2O2在5 mm、15 mm与25 mm宽度的环形管进行实验，对比侧壁及端面烟膜结果可观测到内部螺旋横波旋转方式。相对环管宽度而言，初始压力是胞格尺寸的主要影响参数，而整体上外侧壁胞格尺寸稍大于内侧壁胞格尺寸。     

Microstructural characterization and mechanical behavior analysis of 7075-T6 aluminum subjected to simulated lightning strikes

Aircrafts damages caused by lightning strikes have been known since the early days of aviation. However, the physical effects on the aircraft structure are still being investigated. This work seeks to evaluate the lightning strike effects in the aluminum alloy 7075-T6. Samples were submitted to lightning strike simulation in laboratory and the damages evaluated through characterization techniques. Ultrasound and profilometry tests have shown material loss to 0.272 mm depth in the damaged region. In addition, it was detected the material accumulation occurrence in the damage vicinity of the region. Below the damage, it was found a region where metallurgical changes were identified. The tensile and microhardness tests results have shown reduction in the percentage elongation and hardness increasing in the material affected by lightning. These results are corroborated by the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld Method (red line) that indicated an increasing in dislocation density and micro-deformation in the material matrix. Optical microscopy results have shown the presence of microcracks on the normal and cross-section surface of the samples damaged. The Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDXS) and Electron Backscattered Diffraction Test (EBSD) found coarse intermetallic phases and precipitates compounds with dimensions greater than 1 μm in length. They were responsible for nucleation of the microcracks that propagate along the material grain boundaries.     

Effects of wing flexibility on aerodynamic performance of an aircraft model

The low-speed wind tunnel experiment is carried out on a simplified aircraft model to explore the influence of wing flexibility on the aircraft aerodynamic performance. The investigation involves the measurements of force, membrane deformation and velocity field at Reynolds number of 5.4 × 10⁴–1.1 × 10⁵. In the lift curves, two peaks are observed. The first peak, corresponding to the stall, is sensitive to the wing flexibility much more than the second peak, which nearly keeps constant. For the optimal case, in comparison with the rigid wing model, the delayed stall of nearly 5° is achieved, and the relative lift increment is about 90%. It is revealed that the lift enhanced region corresponds to the larger deformation and stronger vibration, which leads to stronger flow mixing near the flexible wing surface. Thereby, the leading-edge separation is suppressed, and the aerodynamic performance is improved significantly. Furthermore, the effects of sweep angle and Reynolds number on the aerodynamic characteristics of flexible wing are also presented.     

叠层穿刺CF/Al复合材料准静态拉伸力学行为与失效机制

针对新型的叠层穿刺碳纤维织物增强铝基复合材料（CF/Al复合材料），通过细观力学数值模拟与实验结合的方法研究了其在准静态拉伸载荷作用下的渐进损伤与断裂力学行为。复合材料经向拉伸弹性模量、极限强度与断裂应变的实验结果分别为129.61 GPa、630.14 MPa和0.75%，细观力学模型预测误差分别为-9.41%、7.57%和1.33%，均匀化计算的宏观应力-应变曲线与实验曲线总体上相符。经向拉伸变形初期首先出现经/纬纱交织处基体合金的局部损伤，随着拉伸应变量的增大依次发生纬纱和穿刺纱的横向开裂，拉伸变形后期基体合金与经纱失效引起宏观应力-应变曲线的急剧下降，复合材料拉伸断口表现为经纱轴向断裂及纬纱和穿刺纱横向开裂共存的形貌特征，纤维拔出和基体断裂导致的经纱轴向断裂是诱发复合材料最终失效的主要机制。     

高热流密度燃烧室壁面阵列空气射流-燃油组合冷却结构研究（爆震专刊）

针对高热流密度燃烧室壁面热防护需求提出了一种空气阵列射流冲击和燃油冷却肋板的集成冷却方式,在射流平均雷诺数(Re_j)为10000至30000、燃油进口流速(v_f)为2.33m/s至5.23m/s的范围内,采用数值模拟方法对其传热特性进行了研究,并基于壁面加热侧当量对流换热系数的概念,分析了基准肋板以及燃油冷却肋板的传热增强作用。与无肋板靶面的阵列射流冲击相比,带肋板阵列射流冲击的面积平均当量对流换热系数是前者的1.6倍,压力损失系数相对提高了约25%；采用燃油冷却肋板,加热壁面综合传热能力进一步增强,在Re_j=10000时,采用燃油冷却肋板的面积平均当量对流换热系数是基准肋板的1.5倍以上,即使在Re_j=30000时,燃油冷却肋板的传热增强比也可以达到1.2；燃油冷却肋板的出口温度相对进口温度的提升在20K~50K范围内,其提升幅度随着射流雷诺数或燃油进口流速的增大而减小。     

Multi-scale design and optimization for solid-lattice hybrid structures and their application to aerospace vehicle components

By integrating topology optimization and lattice-based optimization, a novel multi-scale design method is proposed to create solid-lattice hybrid structures and thus to improve the mechanical performance as well as reduce the structural weight. To achieve this purpose, a two-step procedure is developed to design and optimize the innovative structures. Initially, the classical topology optimization is utilized to find the optimal material layout and primary load carrying paths. Afterwards, the solid-lattice hybrid structures are reconstructed using the finite element mesh based modeling method. And lattice-based optimization is performed to obtain the optimal cross-section area of the lattice structures. Finally, two typical aerospace structures are optimized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization framework. The numerical results are quite encouraging since the solid-lattice hybrid structures obtained by the presented approach show remarkably improved performance when compared with traditional designs.     

多梁复合结构的动力学建模及全局解析振型分析

多梁复合结构广泛用于工程领域，其动力学特性对相关装备的工作状况有着重要影响，建立准确适用的动力学模型对后续的动力学响应参数影响规律研究有决定性作用。针对工程中常见的多梁复合结构，给出了位移场的一般表达式，利用哈密顿原理得出多梁复合结构的运动控制方程和边界条件，对其全局解析振型进行理论计算，给出了计算多梁复合结构数值振型的一般过程，基于数值分析和实验分析以L型梁和Z型梁为例利用频率相对误差、振型定性比较和MAC定量分析说明了全局解析振型的求解验证方法，利用伽辽金方法和全局解析振型给出了截断原系统得到离散系统运动方程的一般形式。提出的多梁复合结构的建模方法和全局解析振型求解验证方法，对工程中此类结构动力学响应的参数影响规律研究有重要意义。     

面向空间天线的TWF复合材料性能研究

利用碳纤维三向编织物（triaxial woven fabric，TWF）作为增强材料，与柔性基体材料硅橡胶复合，制成兼具一定柔性和刚性的复合材料壳膜结构，用于卫星天线反射器，是一种新型的高精度可展开天线实现方案。采用复合材料细观方法，对碳纤维增强硅橡胶TWF复合材料进行了力学性能的研究。首先由纤维和基体的材料特性得到均质纤维束的材料特性；接下来考虑纤维束交织情况（起伏波动）建立由纤维束组成的单胞实体有限元模型；然后对单胞实体有限元模型进行均匀化分析，施加周期性边界条件，最终得到等效的均质材料特性；为满足天线反射器高性能需求，分析了碳纤维种类、纤维体积分数对单胞等效性能的影响规律。对该材料力学性能的研究，可以为其未来应用于大型高精度可展开天线反射器提供一定的理论依据。