基于光学测角数据的风云四号同步轨道卫星精密定轨

针对风云四号同步卫星的精密定轨和精度评估需求，首先利用地面光学测角数据对FY-4A卫星进行精密定轨，定轨后方位角和高度角的残差rms分别为0.25＂和0.45＂。与基于测距数据的轨道相比，位置精度在有测角数据的弧段内小于50m。进一步联合测角数据和测距数据对FY-4A卫星进行联合定轨，定轨后轨道重叠精度优于15m。利用联合定轨结果评估了基于测距数据的实时轨道产品精度，可以明显发现轨道精度随着测距数据的积累而逐步提高。     

A comprehensive survey on the methods of angle of attack measurement and estimation in UAVs

Angle of Attack (AOA) is a crucial parameter which directly affects the aerodynamic forces of an aircraft. The measurement of AOA is required to ensure a safe flight within its designed flight envelop. This paper intends to summarise a comprehensive survey on the measurement techniques and estimation methods for AOA, specifically in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) applications. In the case of UAVs, weight constraint plays a major role as far as sensor suites are concerned. This results in selecting a suitable estimation method to extract AOA using the available data from the autopilot. The most feasible and widely employed AOA measurement technique is by using the Multi-Hole Probes (MHPs). The MHP measures the AOA regarding the pressure variations between the ports. Due to the importance of MHP in AOA measurement, the calibration methods for the MHP are also included in this paper. This paper discusses the AOA measurement using virtual AOA sensors, their importance and the operation.     

基于变马赫数的五孔探针三维插值方法

探讨了五孔探针气动数据的插值方法,为提高插值精度,开发了基于传统线性插值法的三维线性插值法。该方法把同一探针在不同马赫数下的校准图形成三维数据库,将实验数据通过三维图进行插值。并使用改进前后的两种插值方法分别对校准风洞测得的数据进行整理,对比结果证明:在实验工况连续变化的情况下,三维线性插值法在插值精度上要优于传统线性插值法。特别是在来流马赫数变化较大时,该方法可以改善单一校准文件处理造成的数据精度问题,可用于自动化流场采集系统,为流场高速高精度采集奠定基础。     

移动机器人铣削制孔系统基准检测

结合航空大部件的数字化对接装配需求,设计了一套用于对接面铣削制孔的移动机器人加工系统,并提出具体的加工工艺流程。研究了基于激光轮廓扫描仪的大量散乱点云数据的预处理算法,提出基于栅格法和迭代拟合法的对接面特征提取算法。针对移动机器人加工系统在大场景下的高精度定位问题,提出基于扫描线法和最小二乘法原理的对接基准孔坐标找正算法。通过产品的加工实验验证,对接面铣削和制孔精度满足系统要求的各项技术指标,证明了本文提出的移动机器人铣削制孔系统的装配对接面加工方法能够精确地完成大部件数字化装配任务,对提高装配质量和效率具有重要意义。     

平板表面薄圆柱绕流摩擦力矢量场全局测量

针对壁面摩擦力矢量场测量问题,基于剪切敏感液晶(SSLC)涂层技术建立了一种测量平板表面摩擦力矢量场的方法。该方法基于多视角测量原理,采用六台同步相机从不同方向同时采集SSLC涂层在摩擦力作用下的颜色变化,与采用单台相机相比能够降低测量噪声,并且具有测量非定常流动的摩擦力场的潜力。应用该方法测量了平板表面薄圆柱绕流的摩擦力矢量场,结果表明:(1)SSLC涂层能够以彩色方式定性显示壁面摩擦力信息;(2)通过对不同方向观测的SSLC涂层颜色进行分析处理,该方法能够高分辨率测量薄圆柱绕流的摩擦力矢量场,详细地捕获了流动特征;(3)同一份SSLC涂层可以重复使用并且可用于测量不同的摩擦力矢量场。     

一种冲击响应谱试验设备校准装置的研制

介绍了冲击响应谱基本概念及其试验设备的分类与工作原理，参考现行冲击试验台检定规程提出了针对该设备的校准方法，设计了一种基于虚拟仪器技术的新型冲击响应谱试验设备校准装置，给出了典型冲击波形（半正弦、矩形、后峰锯齿）的冲击响应谱仿真计算结果并进行了验证，计算结果与理论结果完全一致，证明算法准确可靠，能够实现对冲击响应谱试验设备的校准。     

火星车低气压无风热环境模拟试验技术

为模拟火星车工作时所处大温差、低气压环境,文章以自主研制的调温热沉系统和压力控制系统为依托,实现试验容器热沉系统温度在-135~27℃间任意快速调节,均匀性优于±5℃;试验容器内气体压力控制值与目标压力值之差在±10 Pa之内。在国内首次完成无风环境下的火星车温控模拟舱验证试验,为火星车热分析模型修正以及后续火星车有风热环境试验提供了参考。     

Remote-controlled flexible pose measurement system and method for a moving target in wind tunnel

The measurement of position and attitude parameters for the isolated target from a high-speed aircraft is a great challenge in the field of wind tunnel simulation technology. This paper proposes a remote-controlled flexible pose measurement system in wind tunnel conditions for the separation of a target from an aircraft. The position and attitude parameters of a moving object are obtained by utilizing a single camera with a focal length and camera orientation that can be changed based on different measurement conditions. Using this proposed system and method, both the flexibility and efficiency of the pose measurement system can be enhanced in wind tunnel conditions to meet the measurement requirements of different objects and experiments, which is also useful for the development of an intelligent position and attitude measurement system. The position and the focal length of the camera also can be controlled remotely during measurements to enlarge both the vertical and horizontal measurement range of this system. Experiments are conducted in the laboratory to measure the position and attitude of moving objects with high flexibility and efficiency, and the measurement precision of the measurement system is also verified through experiments.     

基于激光扫描技术的大型船舶舱容量计量技术研究

介绍了一种应用三维激光扫描技术，采集获取船舱三维点云数据，对点云数据进行配准、修补，完成船舱内部构件精细建模，快速高精度的重建大型船舱三维模型，实现大型船舱容量快速计算的方法。运用三维激光扫描技术完成158000吨大型油轮液货舱容量计量，通过与传统容量计量方法进行比对分析，解决了单点数据采集模式弊端，达到了大型船舶舱容量快速、精准计量效果。     

基于激光反射层析法的换能器声场测量技术及仿真研究

换能器的辐射声场分布能够直接反映出换能器声学性能的好坏，若不能精确测量出换能器的辐射声场，则会对换能器的诊断和评估造成严重影响。从理论仿真的角度出发，推导了运用激光反射层析法重建换能器辐射声场的理论公式，着重利用推导出的理论公式对激光反射层析法进行了仿真计算。结果表明激光反射层析法能够精确地重建出换能器的辐射声场分布及声场中的声压量值，这为换能器的声场重建及声压测量提供了一种可行的方法。