考虑绳阻尼的绳系并联机器人动力学特性分析

针对应用于风洞试验模型支撑的绳系并联机器人的设计需求，采用实验和理论建模相结合的方法，研究绳阻尼对绳系并联机器人动力学特性的影响。首先，为了准确地定量描述绳阻尼，设计了一套测量绳阻尼的实验装置，通过实验得到了不同参数下的绳阻尼比；其次，考虑了绳阻尼，对绳张力进行建模，并提出了考虑绳阻尼的绳系并联机器人的动力学建模方法；最后，分析了绳阻尼对绳系并联机器人动力学特性的影响。结果表明:绳阻尼对绳系并联机器人动力学响应的影响主要体现在响应幅值上，绳直径越大，绳阻尼对绳系并联机器人动力学响应的减振作用越明显。当绳阻尼系数大于0.6 N·s/m时，不论绳直径粗细如何，绳阻尼对绳系并联机器人动力学特性的影响不能忽略。研究结果可为绳系并联机器人的设计提供理论指导。      

Multi-faults diagnosis of rolling bearings via adaptive customization of flexible analytical wavelet bases

Multi-faults detection is a challenge for rolling bearings due to the mode mixture and coupling of multiple fault features, as well as its easy burying in the complex, non-stationary structural vibrations and strong background noises. In this paper, a method based on the flexible analytical wavelet transform (FAWT) possessing fractional scaling and translation factors is proposed to identify multiple faults occurred in different components of rolling bearings. During the route of the proposed method, the proper FAWT bases are constructed via genetic optimization algorithm (GA) based on maximizing the spectral correlated kurtosis (SCK) which is firstly presented and proved to be efficient and effective in indicating interested fault mode. Via using the customized FAWT bases for each interested fault mode, the original vibration measurements are decomposed into fine frequency subbands, and the sensitive subband which enhances the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is selected to exhibit the fault signature on its envelope spectrum. The proposed method is tested via simulated signals, and applied to analyze the experimental vibration measurements from the running roller bearings subjected to outrace, inner-race and roller defects. The analysis results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in identifying multi-faults occurred in different components of rolling bearings.     

涡轮基组合动力与火箭的耦合特性分析及匹配优化设计

基于高斯伪谱航迹优化方法，建立了"火箭辅助型涡轮基组合动力"的飞行器/推进系统匹配分析方法，针对地面水平起降、以马赫数5巡航的高超声速飞行器，以巡航航程最远为目标，完成了涡轮基组合动力（TBCC）与火箭的耦合特性分析及匹配优化设计。研究结果表明：对于可行的TBCC方案（起飞推重比为1.0），引入合适推力的火箭有助于提升加速爬升段的总效率并降低质量消耗，且对巡航航程有着一定的提升（4%起飞重量推力火箭可增加航程0.97%）；对于不可行的TBCC方案（起飞推重比为0.8），引入火箭不仅可实现推进系统方案的收敛，且其巡航航程相比可行的TBCC方案最多可增加7.9%。考虑到TBCC较大的"死重"和较低的单位迎面推力对巡航性能的不利影响，结构质量占比为25%的巡航型飞行器建议采用"13%起飞重量推力火箭辅助起飞推重比为0.7的TBCC "推进系统。相比之下，结构质量占比为55%的加速型飞行器建议采用" 5%起飞重量推力火箭辅助起飞推重比为0.98的TBCC"推进系统。     

几种关于附面层分离主动控制方法机制的概述

随着飞机和发动机设计性能要求的不断提高,流体的主动控制变得越来越重要,并显出不可替代的作用。流体主动控制方式通过小尺度、局部的能量注入,特别是通过对临界点附近的控制来改变全场的流动结构,并且能够对复杂的动态系统进行精确的相位控制,所以在近年的流动控制领域变得非常活跃。本文对合成射流、等离子体、电磁体积力这些主动控制方法及其机制进行了详细的介绍,并得出结论：相对于被动控制方式,主动控制方式具有明显的优势。     

基于曲率的指尖检测方法

指尖检测是基于视觉的徒手人机交互系统的关键环节,由于背景的复杂性和系统的实时性要求,导致指尖的精确定位在处理速度和准确性方面存在很大问题。本文针对这一问题,提出了一种简单高效的基于曲率的指尖检测方法。该方法首先将输入视频流基于肤色空间进行二值化,并将二值化后的视频序列作为输入数据;然后采用边缘检测算法提取出肤色区域的边缘(肤色区域的轮廓),在肤色区域的轮廓上根据曲率来对类指尖的点进行检测,并且根据类指尖点的位置关系来判定一个肤色区域是不是手;最后通过过滤算法过滤掉误判手臂点。实验结果表明,该方法在不同的应用背景下都具有很好的检测效果,对光照的鲁棒性也较高,并且能够达到实时检测的效果。     

福建与东盟经贸合作及深化合作的政策建议

东盟是福建省开展进出口贸易、引进外资以及实施走出去战略的重要地区。中国-东盟自由贸易区协议签订后，福建省抓住机遇，积极推进双方在经贸领域的合作，与东盟经贸往来日益密切，东盟已成为福建省重要的经贸合作伙伴。福建省应从实际情况出发，争取在建设中国-东盟自由贸易区的进程中找准位置并发挥作用，主要措施有：（1）充分利用东南亚华商网络，建立福建东盟合作机制；（2）利用中国-东盟自由贸易区的降税进程，努力扩大对东盟的出口；（3）在继续扩大吸收来自东盟外商直接投资的同时，鼓励省内企业开展对东盟投资；（4）发挥福建区位优势，加大与东盟各大港口合作力度；（5）利用优势互补，加大福建与东盟的资源合作力度。     

低速风洞绳牵引并联支撑系统的模型气动试验研究(英文)

根据绳牵引并联机构的优点,建造了一种新型的用于低速风洞试验的飞机模型绳牵引并联支撑系统,研究该系统中模型的空气动力参数的测量与计算方法。文中对机构进行了静力学分析,建立了描述实验模型气动载荷的数学模型,提出了通过测量绳系拉力求得模型空气动力参数的解算方法;设计并构建了绳系拉力测量及数据采集系统;将该系统置于开口式回流低速风洞中进行了吹风试验,采集了模型在不同姿态和不同风速下的各牵引绳的拉力数据,并对数据进行了处理分析,通过解算得到了不同吹风条件下模型的气动载荷参数曲线。研究结果表明,绳牵引并联机构用于低速风洞试验的支撑系统是可行的。     

A low risk reentry: looking backward to step forward

Low risk reentry vehicles, as recently proposed, may represent the right answer for the future demands of space exploration, Space Station operations, and space tourism. In this paper the low risk features of sharp reentry vehicles are discussed. In particular, the concept of boundary layer thermal protection is illustrated with reference to a three-dimensional nose-cone geometry. The flow field around the fuselage tip is found by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) calculations. The critical aerothermal conditions in the velocity-altitude plane are identified, in terms of the highest temperature surface points that belong to the Thermal Protection System (TPS) (i.e. the stagnation point of the fuselage tip) and to the structural material (i.e. the point at the junction of the TPS with the structure). Typical reentry trajectories for a concept vehicle are computed according to this new descent philosophy, which comply with thermal boundaries. The influence of the chosen aerodynamic solutions on reentry heating and on downranges and crossranges is then discussed.     

Parameter analysis of PAF for whole-spacecraft vibration isolation

Whole-spacecraft vibration isolation, which is implemented by modification of the existing PAF (payload attach fitting), is a direct and effective approach toward improving the dynamic environment that a spacecraft experiences during its journey to the orbit. In this paper, based on Craig–Bampton component modal synthesis and theory about modal effective mass, both the condensed model and the simplified model of the whole-spacecraft vibration isolation system are obtained. By these models, effects of the PAF's parameters, i.e. stiffness and damping, on the transmissibility from the bottom of the PAF to the bottom of the spacecraft and acceleration response of the bottom of the spacecraft are analyzed. Results show that merely increasing the damping of the PAF can effectively attenuate the peak transmissibility, decreasing the stiffness of the PAF can further improve the vibration isolation performance, and can avoid resonance with the launch vehicle by adding enough damping in the PAF. Furthermore, the natural frequency of first lateral or longitudinal mode and their peak transmissibility of the spacecraft-PAF structure can only be estimated by the modal effective mass and the residual mass rather than the rigid body mass of the spacecraft.     

声能喷嘴供油级间驻涡燃烧室的性能试验

对一种采用声能喷嘴供油方式的级间燃烧室进行了性能试验研究.试验结果表明:当进口马赫数为0.20～0.40,燃烧室的熄火余气系数为25～35,燃烧室的稳定工作范围较宽;随余气系数增大,出口温度分布均匀性提高;燃烧效率为96％～98％,随余气系数减小,燃烧效率降低;进口马赫数对点火性能、熄火性能、出口温度分布和燃烧效率的影响较小;壁面热点温度出现在凹腔的后壁面;总压损失系数为0.03～0.11,热态时比冷态时高0.015左右;CO和NOx的排放指数分别为20～46和0.9～2.1,进口马赫数、余气系数均对污染物排放有较大影响.