Determination of station positions and velocities from laser ranging observations to Ajisai,Starlette and Stella satellites

The positions and velocities of the four Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations: Yarragadee (7090), Greenbelt (7105), Graz (7839) and Herstmonceux (7840) from 5-year (2001–2005) SLR data of low orbiting satellites (LEO): Ajisai, Starlette and Stella were determined. The orbits of these satellites were computed from the data provided by 20 SLR stations. All orbital computations were performed by means of NASA Goddard’s GEODYN-II program. The geocentric coordinates were transformed to the topocentric North–South, East–West and Vertical components in reference to ITRF2005. The influence of the number of normal points per orbital arc and the empirical acceleration coefficients on the quality of station coordinates was studied. To get standard deviation of the coordinates determination lower than 1 cm, the number of the normal points per site had to be greater than 50. The computed positions and velocities were compared to those derived from LAGEOS-1/LAGEOS-2 data. Three parameters were used for this comparison: station coordinates stability, differences from ITRF2005 positions and velocities. The stability of coordinates of LEO satellites is significantly worse (17.8 mm) than those of LAGEOS (7.6 mm), the better results are for Ajisai (15.4 mm) than for Starlette/Stella (20.4 mm). The difference in positions between the computed values and ITRF2005 were little bit worse for Starlette/Stella (6.6 mm) than for LAGEOS (4.6 mm), the results for Ajisai were five times worse (29.7 mm) probably due to center of mass correction of this satellite. The station velocities with some exceptions were on the same level (≈1 mm/year) for all satellites. The results presented in this work show that results from Starlette/Stella are better than those from Ajisai for station coordinates determination. We can applied the data from LEO satellites, especially Starlette and Stella for determination of the SLR station coordinates but with two times lower accuracy than when using LAGEOS data.     

环球滑翔飞行及其地表投影的近似计算方法

定义了通过滑翔实现环球飞行的概念,并提出了以椭圆轨道理论和分段常滑翔角方法相结合的飞行器环球滑翔飞行地表投影的近似算法。计算和分析表明,初始投送方向角是决定环球滑翔飞行地表投影的关键因素。最后给出的算例验证了该近似计算方法的有效性。     

GPS-only gravity field recovery with GOCE,CHAMP, and GRACE

Gravity missions such as the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) are equipped with onboard Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers for precise orbit determination (POD), instrument time-tagging, and the extraction of the long wavelength part of the Earth’s gravity field. The very low orbital altitude of the GOCE satellite and the availability of dense 1 s GPS tracking data are ideal characteristics to exploit the contribution of GPS high-low Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking (hl-SST) to gravity field determination. We present gravity field solutions based on about 8 months of GOCE GPS hl-SST data from 2009 and compare the results with those obtained from the CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) missions. The very low orbital altitude of GOCE significantly improves gravity field recovery from GPS hl-SST data above degree 20, but not for the degrees below 20, where the quality of the spherical harmonic coefficients remains essentially unchanged. Despite the limited time span of GOCE data used, the gravity field of the Earth can be resolved up to about degree 115 using GPS data only. Empirically determined phase center variations (PCVs) of the GOCE onboard GPS helix antenna are, however, mandatory to achieve this performance.     

Analysis of the DORIS contributions to ITRF2008

In its function as an ITRS Combination Centre, DGFI is in charge with the computation of an ITRF2008 solution. The computation methodology of DGFI is based on the combination of datum-free normal equations (weekly or session data sets, respectively) of station positions and Earth orientation parameters (EOP) from the geodetic space techniques DORIS, GPS, SLR and VLBI. In this paper we focus on the DORIS part within the ITRF2008 computations. We present results obtained from the analysis of the DORIS time series for station positions, network translation and scale parameters, as well as for the terrestrial pole coordinates. The submissions to ITRF2008 benefit from improved analysis strategies of the seven contributing IDS analysis centres and from a combination of the weekly solutions of station positions and polar motion. The results show an improvement by a factor of two compared to past DORIS data submitted to ITRF2005, which has been evaluated by investigating the repeatabilities of position time series. The DORIS position time series were analysed w.r.t. discontinuities and other non-linear effects such as seasonal variations. About 40 discontinuities have been identified which have been compared with the results of an earlier study. Within the inter-technique combination we focus on the DORIS contribution to the integration of the different space geodetic observations and on a comparison of the geodetic local ties with the space geodetic solutions. Results are given for the 41 co-location sites between DORIS and GPS.     

基于孔边距约束和Shepard插值的孔位修正方法

在飞机装配中制孔的位置精度直接影响飞机的最终装配质量,自动化制孔以飞机数模为基准,受装配误差影响,在机翼翼盒等封闭结构中,难以确保制孔位置与骨架沟槽关键特征的边距满足工艺要求。提出一种基于孔边距约束和Shepard插值的自动化制孔位置评价及修正方法,通过激光跟踪仪及扫描仪获取实测骨架点云数据并进行去噪和配准,将骨架理论孔位映射到点云模型获得实际制孔位置,提取骨架沟槽关键特征的边界点并构造Ferguson曲线作为边界曲线,基于此计算制孔约束区域中实际孔位的边距及孔边距偏差。针对孔边距可能超差的情况,提出一种先基于孔边距偏差修正约束孔位再利用Shepard插值法修正其余孔位的孔位修正策略,在满足孔边距要求的同时保留了原孔位的行列分布特性。运用所提出的方法对某型飞机机翼骨架进行测量和数据处理,验证了该方法的有效性。     

不同进出风模式和电池组位置的电动汽车气动性能分析

采用GAMBIT软件作为前处理器,应用FLUENT软件作为计算和后处理软件,对不同进出风模式和电池组位置的电动汽车气动性能进行分析,研究表明:单口上出风模式的电动汽车气动性能最佳,下出风口模式的气动性能最差;随着电池组与动力舱后壁距离增加,电动汽车气动性能先改善,再变差,满足电动汽车最优气动性能的距离为230mm.      

GOCE orbit analysis: Long-wavelength gravity field determination using the acceleration approach

The restricted sensitivity of the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) gradiometer instrument requires satellite gravity gradiometry to be supplemented by orbit analysis in order to resolve long-wavelength features of the geopotential. For the hitherto published releases of the GOCE time-wise (TIM) and GOCE space-wise gravity field series—two of the official ESA products—the energy conservation method has been adopted to exploit GPS-based satellite-to-satellite tracking information. On the other hand, gravity field recovery from data collected by the CHAllenging Mini-satellite Payload (CHAMP) satellite showed the energy conservation principle to be a sub-optimal choice. For this reason, we propose to estimate the low-frequency part of the gravity field by the point-wise solution of Newton’s equation of motion, also known as the acceleration approach. This approach balances the gravitational vector with satellite accelerations, and hence is characterized by (second-order) numerical differentiation of the kinematic orbit. In order to apply the method to GOCE, we present tailored processing strategies with regard to low-pass filtering, variance–covariance information handling, and robust parameter estimation. By comparison of our GIWF solutions (initials GI for “Geodätisches Institut” and IWF for “Institut für WeltraumForschung”) and the GOCE-TIM estimates with a state-of-the-art gravity field solution derived from GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment), we conclude that the acceleration approach is better suited for GOCE-only gravity field determination as opposed to the energy conservation method.     

自适应流通处理机匣喷气位置对压气机性能的影响

采用数值模拟方法研究了跨声风扇转子Rotor 67的失速机理和3个喷气位置的自适应流通处理机匣对转子性能的影响.结果表明:叶顶间隙泄漏涡中低速团是诱发失稳的主要原因;3个喷气位置的处理机匣均增大了压气机的稳定工作范围,喷气位置居中和后移的处理机匣综合稳定裕度改进量分别为13.43%,9.47%,均大于前移的2.72%;喷气位置居中和后移有利于抑制间隙泄漏流的发展,减小低能流体泄漏范围;相比前移和居中,后移不能激励压力面前缘处的低速团和抑制低能流体从叶顶前部泄漏.      

一种基于MEMS的微惯性测量单元标定补偿方法

根据微机电系统MEMS(Micro Electronic Mechanical System)惯性器件的特点,在建立微惯性测量单元MIMU(Micro Inertial Measurement Unit)角速度及加速度误差数学模型的基础上,提出一种适用于MIMU的、仅采用单轴速率转台(无指北装置)的"动态翻转6位置"快速标定补偿方法.与传统标定方法相比,标定补偿方法简单便捷,可以一次确定出MIMU的45个误差系数,辨识误差系数精度高,尤其适用于低精度捷联惯性测量单元.通过理论分析、推导以及大量的实验验证,标定补偿方法可以将MIMU的精度提高2~3个数量级.      

搜索算法对有效独立法优化振动模态测量位置的影响

讨论了直接法、逐步累积法和逐步消除法三种不同搜索算法对有效独立法选取最优传感器测量位置的影响.以航空发动机某部件为实例,对有效独立法通过三种搜索算法选取的最优传感器测量位置的搜索结果,在模态相关度、测量点各阶能量和Fisher信息矩阵三个参数方面进行了分析、比较,结果表明逐步消除法能最有效地达到有效独立法的增大目标振型空间分辨率的效果.