Inertial parameter estimation and control of non-cooperative target with unilateral contact constraint

In this paper, the relative sliding motion between the target and the manipulator’s end-effector is considered and characterized as a unilateral contact constraint. A new possible solution is presented to estimate the inertial parameters of a non-cooperative target while the relative sliding motion exists. First, the detailed analysis of the dynamical model is presented, and a parameter-explicit linear time-varying model is obtained. Then, an extended state observer is constructed based on the new model, which can effectively estimate the unknown inertial parameters of the target when relative sliding motion exists. As the modified reactionless controller requires the knowledge of inertial parameters, a hybrid post-capture control scheme is also established based on the switch law between different controllers. The correctness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm are validated by numerical simulation, which proves a potential framework for the non-cooperative target post-capture operation.     

月面特征稀疏环境下的视觉惯性SLAM方法

月球车在执行科学探测任务过程中，其自身的高精度定位是一项亟需解决的关键问题。针对在特征稀疏的月面环境下的定位问题，提出一种视觉惯性融合的SLAM方法，将视觉测量与惯性传感器的信息利用位姿图优化方法融合，实现高精度的联合定位。针对特征稀疏环境下的前端视觉数据关联误差较大的问题，提出了一种基于四元树的光流跟踪算法，能够有效地跟踪鲁棒的特征点，提升了关键帧之间相对位姿估计的准确性。并且针对月面环境特有的恒星无穷远点干扰问题，提出一种高效的恒星点剔除算法，能够有效改善无穷远点导致的定位精度下降的问题。搭建了一套模拟月面环境的计算机仿真系统，并构建了多个月面环境视觉惯性SLAM仿真数据集，在不同的模拟月面场景下进行定位性能仿真验证，仿真测试结果表明本文算法的鲁棒性更强，具有更高的定位准确度。     

High-adaption locomotion with stable robot body for planetary exploration robot carrying potential instruments on unstructured terrain

There is a strong demand for Planetary Exploration Mobile robots (PEMRs) that have the capability of the traversability, stability, efficiency and high load while tackling the specialized tasks on planet surface. In this paper, an electric parallel wheel-legged hexapod robot which has high-adaption locomotion on the unstructured terrain is presented. Also, the hybrid control framework, which enables robot to stably carry the heavy loads as well as to traverse the uneven terrain by utilizing both legged and wheeled locomotion, is also proposed. Based on this framework, robot controls the multiple DOF leg for performing high-adaption locomotion to negotiate obstacles via Gait Generator (GG). Additionally, by using Whole-Body Control (WBC) of framework, robot has the capability of flexibly accommodating the uneven terrain by Attitude Control (AC) kinematically adjusting the length of legs like an active suspension system, and by Force/torque Balance Control (FBC) equally distributing the Ground Reaction Force (GRF) to maintain a stable body. The simulation and experiment are employed to validate the proposed framework with the physical system in the planetary analog environments. Particularly, to smoothly demonstrate the performance of robot transporting heavy loads, the experiment of carrying 3-person load of about 240 kg is deployed.     

飞行控制律对体自由度颤振特性影响试验

飞翼飞机易发生刚体短周期模态与机翼低阶弯曲模态耦合所致的体自由度颤振。飞行控制系统对飞机的短周期模态特性影响很大，因此考虑飞行控制系统的闭环体自由度颤振特性值得进一步研究。针对自主设计的颤振模型开发了相应的俯仰姿态保持控制律，综合运用风洞试验和仿真计算开展了相关研究，获得了不同刚体自由边界条件下的开环/闭环体自由度颤振特性，研究了闭环增益对体自由度颤振特性的影响规律，简要分析了影响机理。试验和仿真计算结果共同表明：俯仰姿态保持控制律明显地改变了俯仰模态阻尼的原有走势，闭环后的体自由度颤振特性变化明显。以开环颤振速度为基准，采用较小的比例回路增益K_P或较大的微分回路增益K_D，飞行控制律能增加飞行器俯仰阻尼，提高体自由度颤振速度，反之飞行控制律将导致颤振速度降低。就本文控制律而言，当K_P<0.07或K_D>0.2时俯仰姿态保持控制律能起到抑制体自由度颤振的作用。     

A tip clearance prediction model for multistage rotors and stators in aero-engines

Tip clearances of multistage rotors and stators greatly affect aero-engines’ aerodynamic efficiency, stability and safety. The inevitable machining and assembly errors, as well as the complicated error propagation mechanism, cause overproof or non-uniform tip clearances. However, it is generally accepted that tip clearances are difficult to predict, even under assembly state. In this paper, a tip clearance prediction model is proposed based on measured error data. Some 3D error propagation sub-models, regarding rotors, supports and casings, are built and combined. The complex error coupling relationship is uncovered using mathematical methods. Rotor and stator tip clearances are predicted and analyzed in different phase angles. The maximum, minimum and average tip clearances can be calculated. The proposed model is implemented by a computer program, and a case study illustrates its performance and verifies its feasibility. The results can be referred by engineers in assembly quality judgement and decision-making.     

Civil unmanned aircraft system operation in national airspace: A survey from Air Navigation Service Provider perspective

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) have advanced technologically and surged exponentially over recent years. Currently, due to safety concerns, most civil operations of UAS are conducted in low-level uncontrolled area or in segregated controlled airspace. As the industry progresses, both operational and technological capabilities have matured to the point where UASs are expected to gain greater freedom of access to both controlled and uncontrolled airspace. Extensive technical and regulatory surveys have been conducted to enable the expanded operations. However, most surveys are derived from the perspective of UAS own operating mechanism and barely consider interactions of their non-segregated activities with the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system. Hence, to fill the gap, this paper presents a survey conducted from the perspective of Air Navigation Service Provider (ANSP), which serves to accommodate these new entrants to the overall national airspace while continuing flight safety and efficiency. The primary objectives of this paper are to: (A) describe what typical ANSP-supplied UAS Traffic Management (UTM) architecture is required to facilitate all types of civil UAS operations; (B) identify three major ANSP considerations on how UAS can be accommodated safely in civil airspace; (C) outline future directions and challenges related with UAS operations for the ANSP.     

Aerodynamic design of tractor propeller for high-performance distributed electric propulsion aircraft

Aiming to maximize the aerodynamic performance of the Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) aircraft, a hybrid design framework which focuses on the aerodynamic performance of the propeller/wing integration has been developed and validated numerically. Variable-fidelity modelling for propeller aerodynamics has been used to achieve computational efficiency with reasonable accuracy. By optimizing the aerodynamic loading distributions on the tractor propeller disk, the induced slipstream is redistributed into a form that is beneficial for the wing downstream, based on which the propeller blade geometry is generated through a rapid inversed design procedure. As compared with the Minimum Induced Loss (MIL) propeller at a specified thrust level, significant improvements of both the lift-to-drag ratio of the wing and the propeller/wing integrated aerodynamic efficiency is achieved, which shows great promise to deliver aerodynamic benefits for the wing within the propeller slipstream without any additional devices.     

柔性支撑控制力矩陀螺动力学建模与控制

针对柔性支撑引起控制力矩陀螺(CMG)框架控制性能下降的问题，建立了柔性支撑条件下控制力矩陀螺的动力学模型，分析了柔性支撑扰动力矩的耦合机理并给出了解析模型.据此，设计了一种积分滑模控制策略，用于提升对CMG框架动力学特性变化和新增扰动力矩的鲁棒性.仿真结果表明，该控制策略相比传统的PID控制具有更好的动态过程和稳态性能，提升了柔性支撑下控制力矩陀螺框架速度的闭环控制性能.     

PMSM电流预测控制参数误差量化分析方法

交流永磁同步电机（PMSM）电流环控制性能是制约交流伺服系统性能的关键。电流预测控制拥有更快的动态响应、更低的电流谐波和优良的转矩响应，但该算法依赖精确的电机模型，参数失配会引发稳态电流误差，无法输出额定转矩，进而导致电机转矩输出效率降低。根据永磁同步电机电流预测模型，详细分析了d、q轴电流静差产生的原因，以及电流预测控制对电机参数误差的敏感性，提出了一种参数误差量化分析方法。该方法引入了电机参数偏差因子，量化描述了电机电感、磁链参数误差与电流静差之间的制约关系。通过仿真分析，验证了所提方法的合理性，为高性能永磁伺服电流预测数字控制技术打下了良好基础。     

一种中心型间断有限元MMALE方法

针对多介质可压缩流体动力学问题,提出了一种单元中心型二维MMALE(Multi-Material Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian)方法。在拉氏步,流体力学方程组采用中心型间断有限元方法求解。对于混合网格,采用Tipton压力松弛模型更新物理量,用等参坐标法更新物质中心点坐标。界面重构采用一种健壮的MOF(Moment of Fluid)方法。在重映步提出了基于多边形相交的二阶积分守恒重映方法。该方法分为四个部分:多项式重构、多边形相交、积分和后验校正。多边形相交使用"剪裁投影"算法,显著降低了多边形相交算法的复杂度。后验校正是基于MOOD (Multi-dimensional Optimal Order Detection)限制策略,并做了一些改动以适应多介质的计算。数值算例表明,该方法具有二阶的精度和较好的鲁棒性。