Initiation characteristics of oblique detonation waves from a finite wedge under argon dilution

In this paper, the flow field characteristics of Oblique Detonation Waves (ODWs) induced by a finite wedge under argon dilution are studied by solving the Euler equations with a detailed chemical model of hydrogen and air. First, the effects of the expansion waves, argon concentration, geometric parameters, and Mach number on the ODW are discussed. The results show that the changes of these parameters may make the oblique detonation not be initiated. Then, the ODW initiation criterion of the finite wedge is summarized, as the characteristic length of the induction zone L_C and the characteristic length of the oblique wedge L_W meet the condition L_C/L_W < 1, the initiation of the ODW occurs; otherwise, it does not occur. What’s more, the Constant Volume Combustion (CVC) theory is applied to study the characteristic length of induction zone. It is found that CVC theory is more suitable for the “smooth transition” type of ODW flow field, the theoretical and numerical characteristic length in induction regions are in good agreement. This work is of great significance for the design of oblique detonation engines for hypersonic vehicles.     

不同直径圆球诱导燃烧的振荡机制与频率特性

为了分析不同直径圆球诱导振荡燃烧的规律，并揭示圆球大小在振荡燃烧现象中所发挥的深层次作用，本文采用二维轴对称Euler方程和基元反应模型，对不同直径的圆球在H2/air预混气体中诱导振荡燃烧的现象开展数值模拟研究。研究发现，振荡频率并不是简单地随直径增大而逐渐从高频向低频连续过渡，而是存在两次突变，形成了超高频、高频以及低频三种振荡燃烧模态。在两种模态间过渡时，振荡达到稳定状态前，会存在一段双频耦合的振荡阶段。三种不同振荡燃烧模态的产生是受到了不同振荡机制的作用，而两种模态间过渡时的双频耦合现象则是两种机制相互竞争的结果。     

Effect of bristle pack position on the rotordynamic characteristics of brush-labyrinth seals at various operating conditions

Over the last few decades, the research on the effect of bristle pack position on the rotordynamic characteristics of the brush-labyrinth seals is not sufficient. To this end, two kinds of brush-labyrinth seals for the bristle pack element installed upstream of the labyrinth teeth named BSU and installed downstream of the labyrinth teeth called BSD were used to investigate the effect of bristle pack position on the rotordynamic characteristics of the brush-labyrinth seals. Using the numerical model combining the porous medium model and the whirling rotor method, the rotordynamic characteristics of the BSU and BSD at various operating conditions including four kinds of pressure ratios, five kinds of inlet preswirl speeds and four kinds of rotor spinning speeds were conducted. The obtained results show that the effects of operating conditions on rotordynamic coefficients for the different seal configurations are different. The direct stiffness, cross-coupled stiffness and direct damping of the BSU are lower than those of the BSD. The rotordynamic coefficients of the BSU are more insensitive to the operating conditions variation. From the perspective of the seal stability, the BSU is a better brush-labyrinth seal configuration at high pressure ratio, high positive preswirl or high rotor spinning speed conditions. While in the case of low pressure ratio, low positive preswirl or low rotor spinning speed conditions, the BSD is a better choice.     

Review and propositions for the sliding/impact wear behavior in a contact interface

A thermal-solid-liquid complex operational environment induces structural interface developing a typical coupling sliding/impact wear behavior. It results in contact damage until systems fail, which may cause significant economic losses and catastrophic consequences. The key point of solving this problem is to reveal the coupling damage mechanism of the sliding/impact behavior in typical systems and life characterization under a complicate evolving environment. This has been a hot topic in the area of mechanical reliability. The main work in this paper can be concluded as follows. Firstly, the main industries in which the “sliding/impact behavior” takes place have been introduced. Then, existing studies on the wear mechanism and degree analysis are presented, which includes surface morphology analysis, wear debris analysis, and wear degree measurement. Meanwhile, existing problems in theoretical modeling and experiments in current research are summarized, so as to point out a bright direction for future research on wear prediction. They include interface contact modeling, mathematic coupling mechanism modeling, wear equation establishment, and wear life characterization, which can provide some new ideas for improving the existing studies on the sliding/impact wear behavior.     

偏心撞击对撞击式喷嘴雾化特性的影响

为研究偏心撞击对撞击式喷嘴雾化特性的影响,建立了求解自燃推进剂冷态射流撞击雾化过程的数值模拟方案,计算了不同偏心度条件下的射流撞击雾化过程。采用树形自适应加密算法直接求解不可压Navier-Stokes方程组,由分段线性的流体体积(VOF)方法对流体界面进行捕捉。结果表明偏心撞击会导致雾场发生偏转,当无量纲偏心度E为1/8时,雾场偏转角度约为9.2°,应控制加工偏差小于该值。随着偏心度的增大,液膜的偏转角度增大,理论推导得到的液膜偏转角度要小于数值计算得到的液膜偏转角度。正心撞击时燃料与氧化剂流强峰值接近,雾场的流强分布呈单峰分布。当发生偏心撞击时,由于燃料与氧化剂部分射流未参与撞击导致流强峰值出现交错,雾场的流强分布呈双峰分布,混合比的空间分布发生较大改变。正心撞击时撞击点下游液滴的速度分布近似呈轴对称分布,而偏心撞击之后的速度分布则呈中心对称分布。偏心撞击导致的射流动量损失使得雾化性能变差,当无量纲偏心度E为1/8时,一甲基肼(MMH)的Sauter平均直径增大约4.8%,四氧化二氮(NTO)的Sauter平均直径增大约5.8%。      

比例与非比例加载下30CrMnSiA钢多轴高周疲劳失效分析

为了分析比例与非比例加载下,30CrMnSiA钢的多轴高周疲劳的失效规律。通过对30CrMnSiA钢材料开展比例与非比例(δ=90°)加载下的多轴高周疲劳试验,研究了应力幅比和相位差对疲劳寿命、断口特征及裂纹起裂角度的影响。试验结果表明,对于比例与非比例加载,随着应力幅比的增大,多轴疲劳寿命逐渐增加。对疲劳断口分析发现,裂纹萌生于试件表面,断口有明显的疲劳源区、扩展区和瞬断区,不同加载路径下的试件断口形式有明显差异。通过对起裂角度的分析发现,应力幅比大于0.25时表面裂纹有明显的第Ⅰ阶段向第Ⅱ阶段的转变,且第Ⅰ阶段沿着接近最大剪应力幅值平面方向扩展,第Ⅱ阶段沿着接近最大正应力平面方向扩展。此外,对典型试件的疲劳断口及表面扩展路径进行了分析,研究表明多轴疲劳试验试件裂纹的特征比值在0.3~0.5之间,且裂纹沿深度方向扩展至300 μm时占总寿命的85%以上。      

针栓式推力室冷却特性试验研究

针栓式发动机具有推力调节简单、声学燃烧稳定性好和成本低廉等一系列优点,但目前对针栓式推力室的冷却特性掌握还不够深入,研制过程中曾多次出现因推力室冷却组织不好而烧蚀的问题。采用针栓式推力室试验件,对身部的冷却特性进行了深入研究,结果表明:推力室圆柱段前端的温度较低,无需采用专门的冷却措施;末端内侧气壁温度会达到约1650℃,局部存在明显的烧蚀现象,必须采取有效的热防护措施;下游冷却液膜量的变化对圆柱段的冷却特性影响较小。     

Applications of structural efficiency assessment method on structural-mechanical characteristics integrated design in aero-engines

In the design process of advanced aero-engines, it is necessary to carry out an effective analysis method between structural features and mechanical characteristics for a better structural optimization. Based on the structural composition and functions of aero-engines, the concept and contents of structural efficiency can reflect the relation between structural features and mechanical characteristics. In order to achieve the integrated design of structural and mechanical characteristics, one quantitative analysis method called Structural Efficiency Assessment Method (SEAM) was put forward. The structural efficiency coefficient was obtained by synthesizing the parameters to quantitatively evaluate the aero-engine structure design level. Parameterization method to evaluate structural design quality was realized. After analyzing the structural features of an actual dual-rotor system in typical high bypass ratio turbofan engines, the mechanical characteristics and structural efficiency coefficient were calculated. Structural efficiency coefficient of high-pressure rotor (0.43) is higher than that of low-pressure rotor (0.29), which directly shows the performance of the former is better, there is room for improvement in structural design of the low-pressure rotor. Thus the direction of structural optimization was pointed out. The applications of SEAM shows that the method is operational and effective in the evaluation and improvement of structural design.     

多自由度振动环境下惯组非线性传递特性研究

惯组作为飞行器姿控系统的传感器,其局部安装结构的传递特性的测量精度直接关系到导航精度。目前,惯组普遍使用减振器进行隔振,而减振器都呈现出较强的非线性特征。为了考察惯组在不同工况下的传递特性,将惯组简化为六自由度Duffing模型,推导了基础激励下系统的运动微分方程,并用龙格-库塔法对方程进行求解,分析了自由衰减振动和强迫振动下不同工况的系统传递特性。结果表明,多自由度激励比单自由度激励工况得到的系统传递特性的频率和幅值都低。考虑到惯组真实的使用环境,应当在多自由度振动环境下进行传递特性试验。     

超高速机械密封副离子注入与摩擦学特性研究

超高速机械动密封需满足CZ-5运载火箭伺服系统中涡轮泵可靠性及寿命指标要求。离子注入作为重要的金属材料表面改性技术，对有效改善机械密封副旋转环表面摩擦磨损特性至关重要。在对密封动环表面离子注入可行性研究的基础上，提出了对其密封副配对摩擦磨损特性进行综合验证的试验方案。通过选取常用典型石墨与旋转金属环配副进行干磨条件下的试验测试，改变线速度、端面比压，使用摩擦磨损试验机对比分析了配对摩擦副的摩擦磨损特性，系统研究了载荷和转速对密封副配对摩擦系数的影响规律，揭示其密封摩擦学特性。通过机械密封在温度应力下的工作可靠性分析以及密封副整机稳态工作性能验证，为超高速涡轮泵的寿命与可靠性试验验证提供了一个合理的、高效费比的技术途径。