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1.
谢洪乐  陈卫东  范亚娴  王景川 《航空学报》2021,42(1):524169-524169
月球车在执行科学探测任务过程中,其自身的高精度定位是一项亟需解决的关键问题。针对在特征稀疏的月面环境下的定位问题,提出一种视觉惯性融合的SLAM方法,将视觉测量与惯性传感器的信息利用位姿图优化方法融合,实现高精度的联合定位。针对特征稀疏环境下的前端视觉数据关联误差较大的问题,提出了一种基于四元树的光流跟踪算法,能够有效地跟踪鲁棒的特征点,提升了关键帧之间相对位姿估计的准确性。并且针对月面环境特有的恒星无穷远点干扰问题,提出一种高效的恒星点剔除算法,能够有效改善无穷远点导致的定位精度下降的问题。搭建了一套模拟月面环境的计算机仿真系统,并构建了多个月面环境视觉惯性SLAM仿真数据集,在不同的模拟月面场景下进行定位性能仿真验证,仿真测试结果表明本文算法的鲁棒性更强,具有更高的定位准确度。  相似文献   
2.
《中国航空学报》2021,34(1):309-319
Image mosaicking is widely used in Geographic Information Systems (GISs) for large-scale ground surface analysis. However, most existing mosaicking methods can only be used in offline processing due to the enormous amounts of computation. In this paper, we propose a novel and practical algorithm for real-time infrared video mosaicking. To achieve this, a novel fast template matching algorithm based on Sum of Cosine Differences (SCD) is proposed to coarsely match the sequential images. The high speed of the proposed template matching algorithm is obtained by computing correlation with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). We also propose a novel fast Least Squares Matching (LSM) algorithm for inter-frame fine registration, which can significantly reduce the computation without degrading the matching accuracy. In addition, the proposed fast LSM can effectively adapt for noise degradation and geometric distortion. Based on the proposed fast template matching algorithm and fine registration algorithm, we develop a practical real-time mosaicking approach which can produce seamless mosaic image highly efficiently. Experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is not just computationally efficient but also robust against various noise distortions.  相似文献   
3.
《中国航空学报》2021,34(2):343-357
Tip clearances of multistage rotors and stators greatly affect aero-engines’ aerodynamic efficiency, stability and safety. The inevitable machining and assembly errors, as well as the complicated error propagation mechanism, cause overproof or non-uniform tip clearances. However, it is generally accepted that tip clearances are difficult to predict, even under assembly state. In this paper, a tip clearance prediction model is proposed based on measured error data. Some 3D error propagation sub-models, regarding rotors, supports and casings, are built and combined. The complex error coupling relationship is uncovered using mathematical methods. Rotor and stator tip clearances are predicted and analyzed in different phase angles. The maximum, minimum and average tip clearances can be calculated. The proposed model is implemented by a computer program, and a case study illustrates its performance and verifies its feasibility. The results can be referred by engineers in assembly quality judgement and decision-making.  相似文献   
4.
《中国航空学报》2021,34(3):200-224
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) have advanced technologically and surged exponentially over recent years. Currently, due to safety concerns, most civil operations of UAS are conducted in low-level uncontrolled area or in segregated controlled airspace. As the industry progresses, both operational and technological capabilities have matured to the point where UASs are expected to gain greater freedom of access to both controlled and uncontrolled airspace. Extensive technical and regulatory surveys have been conducted to enable the expanded operations. However, most surveys are derived from the perspective of UAS own operating mechanism and barely consider interactions of their non-segregated activities with the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system. Hence, to fill the gap, this paper presents a survey conducted from the perspective of Air Navigation Service Provider (ANSP), which serves to accommodate these new entrants to the overall national airspace while continuing flight safety and efficiency. The primary objectives of this paper are to: (A) describe what typical ANSP-supplied UAS Traffic Management (UTM) architecture is required to facilitate all types of civil UAS operations; (B) identify three major ANSP considerations on how UAS can be accommodated safely in civil airspace; (C) outline future directions and challenges related with UAS operations for the ANSP.  相似文献   
5.
《中国航空学报》2021,34(10):20-35
Aiming to maximize the aerodynamic performance of the Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) aircraft, a hybrid design framework which focuses on the aerodynamic performance of the propeller/wing integration has been developed and validated numerically. Variable-fidelity modelling for propeller aerodynamics has been used to achieve computational efficiency with reasonable accuracy. By optimizing the aerodynamic loading distributions on the tractor propeller disk, the induced slipstream is redistributed into a form that is beneficial for the wing downstream, based on which the propeller blade geometry is generated through a rapid inversed design procedure. As compared with the Minimum Induced Loss (MIL) propeller at a specified thrust level, significant improvements of both the lift-to-drag ratio of the wing and the propeller/wing integrated aerodynamic efficiency is achieved, which shows great promise to deliver aerodynamic benefits for the wing within the propeller slipstream without any additional devices.  相似文献   
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为了使N形杆在空间结构中顺利展开,对其缠绕过程中的力学特性进行了分析。基于协变基向量法建立了纯弯曲条件下各向同性单片带簧在缠绕时应变能理论模型,并采用最小势能原理推导了弯矩的理论模型,然后通过拟合曲率推导了N形杆缠绕时的理论模型。研制了4根N形杆样件,并搭建了试验平台,使用数显式推拉力计分别对杆件在缠绕过程的拉力进行了5次测试,然后求出峰值力矩,发现试验值与理论值的偏差不大于8.83%,偏差平均值为2.813%,从而验证了理论模型的准确性。该研究可用来分析超弹性杆在纯弯曲状态下的峰值力矩,对超弹性杆在宇航空间中的应用具有重大意义。  相似文献   
8.
针对多介质可压缩流体动力学问题,提出了一种单元中心型二维MMALE(Multi-Material Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian)方法。在拉氏步,流体力学方程组采用中心型间断有限元方法求解。对于混合网格,采用Tipton压力松弛模型更新物理量,用等参坐标法更新物质中心点坐标。界面重构采用一种健壮的MOF(Moment of Fluid)方法。在重映步提出了基于多边形相交的二阶积分守恒重映方法。该方法分为四个部分:多项式重构、多边形相交、积分和后验校正。多边形相交使用"剪裁投影"算法,显著降低了多边形相交算法的复杂度。后验校正是基于MOOD (Multi-dimensional Optimal Order Detection)限制策略,并做了一些改动以适应多介质的计算。数值算例表明,该方法具有二阶的精度和较好的鲁棒性。  相似文献   
9.
对速率模式飞轮姿态控制系统的能控性、稳定性和飞轮组合切换过程进行了研究,揭示了在飞轮组合切换过程中引起卫星姿态抖动的原因,提出了通过对残余角动量进行卸载并将卸载函数同时前馈到系统输入的方法,以保持卫星姿态的稳定度。从理论上证明了可引入残余角动量进行卸载,将卸载函数同时前馈到系统输入,并且不改变原系统的能控性和稳定性。给出了某卫星飞轮切换应用实例,说明了飞轮组合平稳切换方法的有效性。  相似文献   
10.
为研究瞬变流速激励下某型卫星姿控发动机燃料输送管路的非线性振动特性,采用加权余量法和四阶Runge—Kutta法对燃料输送管路的非线性液固耦合振动模型进行了数值仿真,研究不同燃料流速下、电磁阀开关时长对燃料管路非线性振动稳定性的影响。仿真结果表明,依据管路特征线可将管路振动分为稳定振动区和不稳定振动区,且不稳定振动主要表现为发散失稳和扩张失稳。当电磁阀开关时长处于失稳区时,电磁阀门开启时长引起的燃料管路不稳定振动为多频率、变幅值的动态扩张失稳,且燃油流速增大是影响管路振动扩张断裂的主要因素;电磁阀门关闭时长引起的燃料管路不稳定振动为单频、变幅值扩张失稳。  相似文献   
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