基于语义相似度计算的航天标准关联度评价

随着航天领域各级各类标准编制数量的逐年递增，相关标准之间的交叉重复制定问题随之而来。为解决该问题，文中通过计算语义相似度的方法开展航天领域标准名称、标准范围及主要内容的关联度评价。算例分析结果表明，该方法可以有效评估标准间的关联程度。     

燃油离心泵多目标优化设计及仿真分析

针对燃油离心泵高效、高抗汽蚀优化设计问题,进行了基于损失模型和SQP算法下的多目标优化设计并进行了仿真应用。首先,考虑叶轮、蜗壳等通流部件内的水利损失、容积损失以及机械损失,建立表征离心泵效率的综合损失模型；结合基于必须汽蚀余量计算下的汽蚀表征函数以确定离心泵多目标函数。进而,利用SQP算法构造合理的适应度函数,结合约束条件确定离心泵多目标优化设计的数学模型。其次,对某型燃油离心泵进行基于SQP算法的优化设计并与其他常用优化算法进行对比。可以看到：各优化算法的最优结果几乎相似,但SQP算法对多维非线性方程组优化求解所用的迭代步数相对较少。最后,利用CFD技术进行仿真及外特性预测,以验证基于SQP算法下燃油离心泵多目标优化设计的有效性。结果表明：相比传统方法设计的原型离心泵,基于SQP算法优化的离心泵内流场压力分布相对均匀,流动损失更低,且进口流动有利于抗汽蚀性能；从外特性结果来看,基于SQP算法优化的离心泵高效工作区域相对宽广,必须汽蚀余量相对较低,抗汽蚀性能有所改善。     

GEO/IGSO混合区域导航星座的设计与优化算法

区域导航星座能够以较低成本和较短时间获得目标区域导航能力，且地球同步轨道是构建非极区区域导航星座的重要轨道类型。提出一种基于GEO（地球静止轨道）和IGSO（倾斜地球同步轨道）的区域导航星座设计方法。基于星下点轨迹特性构造对称星座设计参数和优化参数集，并考虑地球扁率长期摄动影响，计算星座轨道参数。以导航服务区的统计GDOP（几何精度因子）为目标函数，利用差分进化算法构建星座优化模型。以印度IRNSS的7星星座为例，仿真检验了设计和优化算法的正确性，讨论了IRNSS星座优化构型和轨道类型选取。本方法采用的对称星座设计参数少，能够提升GEO/IGSO混合区域导航星座的全局优化效率，为后续非对称星座快速提供最佳星数和构型设计。     

Application of a modified generalized sail model on a solar sail with wrinkles

In this paper, we present an analysis of effect of wrinkles on the solar sail performance. We describe different analytical, semi-analytical and numerical approaches to the calculation of general large-scale curvature of a solar sail as well as parameters of so-called wrinkled domains, and introduce the impact of such wrinkles on the thrust and torque of the solar sail. Finally, we present a model of an optically-orthotropic surface for such non-ideal sail, providing a connection with the Generalized Sail Model, and other solar sail thrust models.     

Discrete time multiple spacecraft formation flying attitude optimal control in presence of relative state constraints

This paper addresses the challenge of synchronized multiple spacecraft attitude reorientation in presence of pointing and boundary constraints with limited inter-spacecraft communication link. Relative attitude pointing constraint among the fleet of spacecraft has also been modeled and considered during the attitude maneuvers toward the desired states. Formation fling control structure that consists of decentralized path planners based on virtual structure approach joint with discrete time optimal local controller is designed to achieve the mission’s goals. Due to digital computing of spacecraft’s onboard computer, local optimal controller based on discrete time prediction and correction algorithm has been utilized. The time step of local optimal algorithm execution is designed so that the spacecraft track their desired attitudes with appropriate error bound. The convergence of the proposed architecture and stability of local controller’s tracking error within appropriate upper bound are proved. Finally, a numerical simulation of a stereo imaging scenario is presented to verify the performance of the proposed architecture and the effectiveness of the algorithm.     

螺旋爆轰内部胞格结构实验探索

为研究螺旋爆轰胞格结构，选取预混气C2H2+2.5O2+85%Ar、C2H2+2.5O2+70%Ar与C2H2+5N2O在光滑管中进行爆轰实验，使用烟膜记录管道侧壁与端面胞格结构。编写MATLAB程序处理烟膜记录，比较侧壁横波间距、端面胞格直径平均值，以及相邻端面胞格中心点距离平均值与标准差。其中，侧壁横波间距明显大于管壁附近端面胞格直径平均值。另外，相较于稳定气，不稳定气近管壁与近管轴区域的端面胞格直径差异更大，不同压力下预混气C2H2+5N2O近管壁与近管轴区域的端面胞格直径差异分别为47.91 %、59.64 %、40.42 % 与37.21 %。为进一步探索爆轰波内部结构，使用CH4+2O2在5 mm、15 mm与25 mm宽度的环形管进行实验，对比侧壁及端面烟膜结果可观测到内部螺旋横波旋转方式。相对环管宽度而言，初始压力是胞格尺寸的主要影响参数，而整体上外侧壁胞格尺寸稍大于内侧壁胞格尺寸。     

厚覆冰导线升力突变机理及数值模拟研究

针对新月形厚覆冰导线的升力系数在风攻角15°附近存在突变的问题,分别采用基于k-ωSST湍流模型的雷诺时均法和大涡模拟(LES)的数值方法对新月形厚覆冰导线在风攻角10°~20°范围进行了模拟。通过对比两种数值方法计算得到的覆冰导线气动力系数、流场结构和表面风压,发现LES方法能够更好地捕捉新月形覆冰导线表面的小尺度涡结构,得到的覆冰导线气动力参数计算结果与风洞试验数据高度吻合;而k-ωSST湍流模型难以模拟壁面上小尺度涡,捕捉不到升力系数的突变。根据覆冰导线不同壁面区域的压力分布,发现上侧壁面处的涡结构影响整体流场,并在下侧壁面曲率、来流夹角和壁面切线方向共同作用下导致升力系数突变。LES的气动力参数模拟结果可为覆冰导线防舞提供参考。     

基于深度神经网络的客机总体设计参数敏感性分析

飞机总体主要设计参数敏感性分析揭示了总体主要设计参数对飞机特性指标的影响，有助于总体设计方案的决策。针对宽体客机总体主要设计参数敏感性问题，根据其总体主要设计参数和特性指标的特点，以及多学科间的耦合关系，建立了深度神经网络模型。该深度神经网络模型以客机总体主要设计参数为输入，对特性指标进行预测。在深度神经网络模型中，设置了多个输入层、多个输出层以及多个分块的隐藏层，从而模拟客机总体主要设计参数对特性指标的影响以及不同特性指标之间的相互作用。测试结果表明，与传统代理模型相比，深度神经网络模型对客机特性指标的预测精度更高，多参数适应性更好。利用该深度神经网络模型对客机总体主要设计参数进行敏感性分析。分析结果表明，机翼1/4弦线后掠角在30°~31.5°时，有利于减少最大起飞重量和起飞平衡场长；发动机海平面最大静推力和机翼面积对客机直接使用成本、最大起飞重量等特性指标的影响最为显著。     

垂直起降运载火箭返回轨迹不确定性优化

针对垂直起降运载火箭一子级在返回着陆的过程中存在的参数不确定性，提出了一种基于非侵入式多项式混沌展开的序列优化和可靠度评估的返回轨迹不确定性优化方法。首先，建立了返回多飞行段轨迹在确定性条件下的优化模型。然后，为同时兼顾轨迹的鲁棒性和可靠性，建立了由鲁棒最优目标函数、基于可靠度的路径约束和鲁棒等式约束组成的不确定性返回轨迹优化模型。最后，基于非侵入式多项式混沌展开方法对鲁棒目标函数和等式约束进行量化处理，将原随机鲁棒优化问题转化为高维状态空间中的等价确定性优化问题；为提高路径约束的可靠度评估效率，基于非侵入式多项式混沌展开方法对最可能点法进行改进，进一步发展了序列优化和可靠度评估策略。数值仿真结果表明，所提出的不确定性优化方法具有较好的鲁棒性，可以满足工程可靠性指标要求，同时还具有较高的精度和计算效率。     

Microstructural characterization and mechanical behavior analysis of 7075-T6 aluminum subjected to simulated lightning strikes

Aircrafts damages caused by lightning strikes have been known since the early days of aviation. However, the physical effects on the aircraft structure are still being investigated. This work seeks to evaluate the lightning strike effects in the aluminum alloy 7075-T6. Samples were submitted to lightning strike simulation in laboratory and the damages evaluated through characterization techniques. Ultrasound and profilometry tests have shown material loss to 0.272 mm depth in the damaged region. In addition, it was detected the material accumulation occurrence in the damage vicinity of the region. Below the damage, it was found a region where metallurgical changes were identified. The tensile and microhardness tests results have shown reduction in the percentage elongation and hardness increasing in the material affected by lightning. These results are corroborated by the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld Method (red line) that indicated an increasing in dislocation density and micro-deformation in the material matrix. Optical microscopy results have shown the presence of microcracks on the normal and cross-section surface of the samples damaged. The Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDXS) and Electron Backscattered Diffraction Test (EBSD) found coarse intermetallic phases and precipitates compounds with dimensions greater than 1 μm in length. They were responsible for nucleation of the microcracks that propagate along the material grain boundaries.