A progressive approach to predict shot peening process parameters for forming integral panel of Al7050-T7451

In this paper, a progressive approach to predict the multiple shot peening process parameters for complex integral panel is proposed. Firstly, the invariable parameters in the forming process including shot size, mass flow, peening distance and peening angle are determined according to the empirical and machine type. Then, the optimal value of air pressure for the whole shot peening is selected by the experimental data. Finally, the feeding speed for every shot peening path is predicted by regression equation. The integral panel part with thickness from 2 mm to 5 mm and curvature radius from 3200 mm to 16000 mm is taken as a research object, and four experiments are conducted. In order to design specimens for acquiring the forming data, one experiment is conducted to compare the curvature radius of the plate and stringer-structural specimens, which were peened along the middle of the two stringers. The most striking finding of this experiment is that the outer shape error range is below 3.9%, so the plate specimens can be used in predicting feeding speed of the integral panel. The second experiment is performed and results show that when the coverage reaches the limit of 80%, the minimum feeding speed is 50 mm/s. By this feeding speed, the forming curvature radius of the specimens with different thickness from the third experiment is measured and compared with the research object, and the optimal air pressure is 0.15 MPa. Then, the plate specimens with thickness from 2 mm to 5 mm are peened in the fourth experiment, and the measured curvature radius data are used to calculate the feeding speed of different shot peening path by regressive analysis method. The algorithm is validated by forming a test part and the average deviation is 0.496 mm. It is shown that the approach can realize the forming of the integral panel precisely.     

一种地月转移轨道中途修正的制导算法

针对地月转移轨道中途修正问题，提出了一种求解修正速度增量的制导算法。该算法由初值设计和精确解求解两部分组成。首先，利用伪状态理论，通过简单迭代设计中途修正的初值，并通过Vinti预报方法修正了地球扁率的影响。然后，在求解精确解时，提出了一种基于伪状态理论的状态转移矩阵解析算法。该算法通过设计高精度的初值，降低了求解地月转移轨道中途修正问题的难度，而且避免了传统数值方法计算状态转移矩阵的复杂性。数值仿真结果表明，该算法可有效求解中途修正问题。     

Review and propositions for the sliding/impact wear behavior in a contact interface

A thermal-solid-liquid complex operational environment induces structural interface developing a typical coupling sliding/impact wear behavior. It results in contact damage until systems fail, which may cause significant economic losses and catastrophic consequences. The key point of solving this problem is to reveal the coupling damage mechanism of the sliding/impact behavior in typical systems and life characterization under a complicate evolving environment. This has been a hot topic in the area of mechanical reliability. The main work in this paper can be concluded as follows. Firstly, the main industries in which the “sliding/impact behavior” takes place have been introduced. Then, existing studies on the wear mechanism and degree analysis are presented, which includes surface morphology analysis, wear debris analysis, and wear degree measurement. Meanwhile, existing problems in theoretical modeling and experiments in current research are summarized, so as to point out a bright direction for future research on wear prediction. They include interface contact modeling, mathematic coupling mechanism modeling, wear equation establishment, and wear life characterization, which can provide some new ideas for improving the existing studies on the sliding/impact wear behavior.     

仿生正弦前缘对翼面动态失速的影响

动态失速导致叶片气动载荷急剧变化，造成振动载荷激增，桨叶寿命大幅衰减。针对动态失速问题，从座头鲸胸鳍在动态倾转下取得良好的流动特性获得启示，据此模化出仿生正弦前缘翼面（包含3种波峰和2种波长），旨在实现动态失速控制。借助三维非定常数值模拟方法，采用运动网格技术，基于SC1095旋翼翼型，研究了仿生前缘动态失速流动控制机理及运动参数和来流速度的影响。结果表明：正弦前缘大幅度降低俯仰力矩系数峰值和阻力系数峰值；前缘波峰越大、波长越小，阻力系数峰值与俯仰力矩系数峰值的抑制效果越明显，虽然升力系数峰值减小，但其减小量远小于前两者，例如其中一种仿生翼使俯仰力矩系数峰值减小了47.7%，阻力系数峰值减小了36.4%，升力系数峰值减小14.1%；在最大迎角附近，正弦前缘能够缓和失速特性，使载荷变化更为平缓；在高平均迎角、低俯仰频率、低马赫数下，仿生翼动态失速控制效果更强，相比较而言迎角振幅的影响较小。     

离心压缩机密封及空腔流动的一维/三维耦合建模研究

为了在保证数值预测精度的同时降低离心压缩机的建模复杂度,以一维密封泄漏计算替代完整的密封及空腔建模,开展了离心压缩机盖盘密封及空腔流动的源项建模方法研究。结果表明:基于源项方法的密封及空腔简化建模仅需在主流道建模基础上施加泄漏质量流量、总温和摩擦损失源项边界条件,即可较高精度地还原完整的盖盘密封及空腔建模的性能和关键流动细节。与完整建模相比,在全工况下源项建模预测的等熵效率的绝对偏差小于0.65%,总压比和等熵效率的相对性能偏差小于1%。该方法可在满足下游部件匹配设计精度需求的同时,减少50%以上的网格数量,并显著提高计算的经济性和收敛性。泄漏流量的计算精确度是影响源项建模法性能预测准确性的最关键因素,耦合建模可以采用一维计算中推荐的密封泄漏系数值。      

低排放燃烧室NO_x排放试验及预测方法研究

为了研究中心分级贫油低排放燃烧室的排放特性和排放预测方法,针对一个低排放头部方案,在单头部燃烧室试验件上,在不同的温度、压力、油气比、供油模式和分级比条件下,测量其排放性能。以Lefebvre排放经验预测公式为基础,采用经验分析方法拟合排放试验数据,归纳出适用于本头部方案的排放预测公式。表征预测好坏的判定系数R2在小工况下和大工况下分别为0.95和0.93,表明预测结果与试验结果符合度较好。小工况和大工况排放特性不同,对仅预燃级喷油的小工况工作模式,NO_x排放主要受化学恰当燃烧温度和预燃级局部当量比的影响;对预燃级和主燃级同时喷油的大工况工作模式,NO_x排放主要受燃烧区温度和主燃级燃油比例的影响。     

基于IPSO-Elman神经网络的飞机客舱能耗预测

为了提高飞机客舱使用地面空调制冷时客舱能耗的预测精度，提出了一种改进的粒子群优化（IPSO）Elman神经网络的飞机客舱能耗预测模型。依据对算法中惯性权重与学习因子的收敛域分析，得出了二者合理的取值范围，将粒子到全局最优位置间距离与参数的取值范围相结合，构造了惯性权重与学习因子的动态调节函数，对其进行非线性的动态调节，并引入了变异因子，提出了一种跳出局部最优的策略，防止粒子群优化（PSO）陷入局部最优。将IPSO-Elman应用于Boeing738飞机客舱能耗预测中，与PSO-Elman、Elman算法进行性能比较，仿真结果表明基于IPSO-Elman的客舱能耗预测模型在预测精度和收敛速度方面均有一定的提升。该研究结果为飞机客舱能耗预测模型的建立提供了理论依据，对飞机地面空调的节能与机场电能合理调配提供了支持。     

基于合成射流的旋翼翼型动态失速控制研究

针对直升机旋翼工作环境下来流速度和迎角(Angle of attack,AoA)耦合引起的动态失速问题,建立了基于合成射流的旋翼动态失速控制的数值模拟方法。采用运动嵌套网格方法,通过对翼型的平移和旋转实现变来流速度-变迎角的耦合。以积分形式的雷诺平均N-S方程为主控方程,空间离散使用Roe格式,时间离散为隐式LU-SGS方法,以OA209翼型为研究对象,在翼型上表面放置合成射流激振器,开展了射流位置、动量系数、无量纲频率以及偏角等参数对轻度失速、深度失速下翼型动态失速控制的研究。研究发现,轻度失速下,射流位置靠近气流分离点时(20%c附近,c为翼型弦长),对逆压梯度引起的轻度失速控制效果最佳。深度失速下气流分离点虽在5%c之前,但射流位于前缘分离泡后端(10%c附近)时控制效果较好。大迎角需要较大的动量系数才能有效控制。射流频率对涡结构的尺寸和数量会产生一定影响,能改变气动特性波动幅度。较小的射流偏角对轻度失速的控制更有效,而深度失速则需要较大的偏角。     

基于TLE的弹道系数计算方法及应用分析

针对仅使用两行要素（Two Line Element，TLE）作为数据源的应用需求，研究了基于TLE轨道衰减的弹道系数计算方法。介绍了一种常用的基于两组TLE的直接计算法，分析TLE选取间隔对结果精度的影响；提出了一种基于多组TLE的迭代计算方法，以降低异常TLE对计算结果的影响；从弹道系数计算效果、在再入预报中的应用等方面对这两种方法进行比较分析。结果表明，两种方法各有优劣，基于多组TLE的迭代计算法稳定性更高、受TLE精度的影响更小；由于数据区间更短，基于两组TLE的计算结果对短期轨道衰减特性反应得更准确，用于临近再入时的预报效果更好。     

一种基于元路径拥塞模式挖掘的移动对象位置预测方法

路网上移动对象位置预测是许多位置相关服务的基础。目前移动对象位置预测方法没有充分考虑到轨迹数据中所蕴含的道路拥塞信息,而路网上的道路拥塞状态对移动对象的位置更新会产生巨大影响。提出基于元路径拥塞模式挖掘的方法(Meta-congestion-pattern mining,MCPM)。在离线挖掘阶段,从历史轨迹的频繁路径(元路径)的紧集中挖掘当地的拥塞模式,并对运动模式进行建模,其中采用基于k均值的聚类算法解决数据稀疏性问题。在线预测阶段根据挖掘的拥塞模式和运动模式依概率进行预测。最后通过理论分析和实验验证得出了算法的有效性,与相同条件下的精度预测(WhereNext,WN)方法相比,平均预测准确性提高了近20%,预测时间平均缩短了近50%。