金属微滴水平喷射关键参数调控机制及试验

均匀金属微滴喷射3D打印技术是一种极具应用前景的空间金属增材制造技术，明晰其重力敏感度是实现该技术空间化应用的前提。在地基条件下，将熔滴喷射沉积方向翻转至水平状态是直观反映其打印过程重力效应的有效方法。针对熔滴水平稳定喷射调控的难题，建立了熔滴水平喷射流体力学模型及压电激振动力学模型，通过试验，探究了熔滴水平喷射不稳定形成机制，明晰了不同喷射行为下的激振特性，揭示了熔滴水平稳定喷射调控规律。结果表明：压电模块驱动信号（脉宽、幅值）对激振杆振动特性影响极为显著，激振杆行程随幅值或脉宽的增加呈现出先增加后减小的变化规律；通过改变激振杆振动特性可调控熔滴直径、初始喷射速度及喷射稳定性，熔滴直径随幅值增大而减小，但受脉宽影响不大，而喷射速度与幅值及脉宽均正相关。基于此，试验得到了尺寸均匀的金属熔滴，并水平沉积打印出与设计模型一致的结构特征。     

限带白噪声随机过程的雨流幅值概率密度函数模型

对17种不同带宽系数的限带白噪声随机过程进行了雨流循环计数统计,提出了一个限带白噪声随机过程的雨流幅值概率密度函数(Probability density function,PDF)模型。该模型是Rayleigh分布和Weibull分布的线性组合,其中待定系数均为随机过程谱参数的函数。采用该模型对这17种随机过程的雨流幅值概率密度函数进行了公式拟合,探究了模型中待定参数与随机过程谱参数之间的关系,确定了模型表达式。对照随机过程的雨流计数统计结果,将该模型与Dirlik模型的预测精度进行了比较,结果表明该模型的预测效果优于Dirlik模型。     

Investigation on nonlinear lateral-torsional coupled vibration of a rotor system with substantial unbalance

Substantial unbalance may be caused by fan blade off during the operation period of gas turbine engines, and related dynamic problems are very critical to the safety design of rotor system in aero-engine. This article aims to understand lateral-torsional coupled vibration of the rotor system with substantial unbalance. The governing equation of a modified unbalanced rotor system is established based on Lagrangian approach. Then, a mathematical analytical method is proposed in which a linear approximation is derived and the Floquet theory and Hill’s method are incorporated, from which the modal characteristics of the unbalanced rotor are obtained. The modal characteristics of the unbalanced rotor system are revealed comprehensively for the first time. Furthermore, the relation between the modes and responses of the unbalanced rotor is discussed in detail. The results show that the lateral vibration and torsional vibration of the unbalanced rotor are coupled through the inertial terms in the governing equations. Due to the coupling, veering and lock-in phenomena occur between the frequencies of the forward whirl mode and the torsional mode. Furthermore, lock-in can lead to a kind of principal instability. With regard to the response of the unbalanced rotor, both natural vibration components and enforced vibration components appear in the lateral response, while only natural vibration components appear during torsional vibration. Moreover, natural vibration components play a crucial role in the response within the principal instability region and cause divergence of the vibration amplitudes in the lateral and torsional directions.     

椭圆振动切削加工的同步控制研究

利用椭圆振动切削加工的回转体表面微织构是在机床主轴旋转、平台进给和装置椭圆振动的联合运动下得到的,机床主轴转动与装置位移输出如果不能保持完全的实时同步,会造成微织构加工的偏差。为了解决这一问题,提出了一种新的基于转角的同步控制方法,该方法在主轴的对位基准处实现装置正弦信号的复位,以修正转速漂移造成的加工位置误差,并通过判断主轴角度信号实时输出对应幅值电压来实时同步信号输出和机床旋转运动。基于LabVIEW FPGA搭建同步控制模块,经试验验证,利用该方法加工的矩形阵列微织构轴向排列与中轴线平行,与周向排列的夹角和仿真结果的偏差不超过0.1°,织构深度随转角的不同发生预设的变化,因此,同步控制方法具有实时同步控制椭圆振动切削装置的能力。     

Hexapod多自由度微激励系统的振动时域波形控制

摘要： Hexapod多自由度微激励系统常用于航天器有效载荷在轨微振动环境的模拟，但采用现有控制方法无法精确稳定跟踪低频正弦加速度，这是由于系统耦合度高、非线性在低频段较强，被控对象相位滞后过大造成的.针对此问题，基于传统离线迭代控制方法，提出一种复合超前校正、多倍频陷波滤波器的改进离线迭代控制方法.其中，离线迭代进行补偿控制，超前校正进一步补偿系统相位，多倍频陷波滤波器去除非线性干扰.跟踪低频定频正弦加速度的实验结果表明，对比传统离线迭代控制方法，改进方法收敛快、控制精度高；对比现有自适应正弦振动控制方法，改进方法将符合精度要求的加速度控制频带下限由14.5 Hz扩宽至8 Hz.实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性.     

燃气轮机周向拉杆转子连接刚度对转子振动特性影响的研究

为研究燃气轮机周向分布式拉杆转子轮盘间存在的连接刚度对轴系转子振动特性产生的影响，本文提出一种基于六自由度的弹簧单元等效方法；首先将轮盘接触刚度与拉杆弯曲刚度同时等效进连接界面，便于使用一维梁单元求解其临界转速与振动响应变化，验证其与全三维有限元法吻合度在3％以内；然后改写了非线性动力学方程，采用谐波平衡法对其进行求解，使用经典Newmark方法验证其准确性；最后使用该等效方法计算了某模拟转子连接刚度对其临界转速、响应特性、非线性特性等的影响。计算结果表明：当连接面剪切刚度与弯曲刚度减小3个数量级，均造成了临界转速的降低和振动响应的提高，而其影响程度可由各阶振型大致推测，且响应幅值受剪切刚度影响较大；使用临界转速趋于收敛时的连接刚度与试验值的对比误差小于2％，较连续模型提升显著；在连接刚度各向异性时，每一阶临界转速均出现两个响应峰值，轴心轨迹变成椭圆；考虑刚度随位移变化（非线性刚度）后，转子的响应峰值发生“歪扭”特性，且该峰值特征随不平衡量、无量纲阻尼等因素变化而呈现“波浪形”变化。     

Semi-supervised gear fault diagnosis using raw vibration signal based on deep learning

In aerospace industry, gears are the most common parts of a mechanical transmission system. Gear pitting faults could cause the transmission system to crash and give rise to safety disaster. It is always a challenging problem to diagnose the gear pitting condition directly through the raw signal of vibration. In this paper, a novel method named augmented deep sparse autoencoder (ADSAE) is proposed. The method can be used to diagnose the gear pitting fault with relatively few raw vibration signal data. This method is mainly based on the theory of pitting fault diagnosis and creatively combines with both data augmentation ideology and the deep sparse autoencoder algorithm for the fault diagnosis of gear wear. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by experiments of six types of gear pitting conditions. The results show that the ADSAE method can effectively increase the network generalization ability and robustness with very high accuracy. This method can effectively diagnose different gear pitting conditions and show the obvious trend according to the severity of gear wear faults. The results obtained by the ADSAE method proposed in this paper are compared with those obtained by other common deep learning methods. This paper provides an important insight into the field of gear fault diagnosis based on deep learning and has a potential practical application value.     

耦合热、动载荷的超超临界汽轮机迷宫密封动力特性

密封汽流激振严重影响超超临界汽轮机的安全运行,采用DEFINE_CG_MOTION和DEFINE_PROFILE控制宏建立转子的涡动方程,通过Workbench流固耦合方法计算热、动载荷下密封齿形变,根据快速傅里叶变化得到机组运行时的密封动力特性,并对转子稳定性进行分析。结果表明:蒸汽可导致密封齿膨胀变形,温度对密封齿长度变化影响可达1%~1.5%,压力和离心作用对其影响较小。热、动载荷使迷宫密封直接刚度减小,直接阻尼先增加后减小,交叉刚度先减小后增加,动力系数的最大变化为原来的2倍。35~55 Hz内转子稳定裕度急剧下降,转子对密封汽流激振更敏感。热、动载荷引起的压力波动集中在低频范围,密封周向压力波动可增高18.5 kPa。密封高压区的压力波幅剧增是汽流激振显著的主要原因。      

用于叶片减振的压电材料分布拓扑优化

提出一种可用于实际叶盘结构的压电分支阻尼器拓扑优化方法,可以给出总质量受约束的压电材料在叶片上的最佳分布,达到尽可能大的模态阻尼比。通过理论推导说明:压电阻尼器所产生的模态阻尼比仅取决于模态机电耦合系数,且该系数只与压电材料的几何形状以及模态应力场有关。进一步结合压电本构关系,基于应力分量的线性加权给出了有限的压电材料在叶片上铺设位置“优先级”的判断指标。给出了基于叶盘结构有限元模型的压电材料拓扑优化方法,通过替换单元类型和材料参数的方式对压电材料进行布置,并给出了多模态族优化、极化方向设置、电极铺设等问题的解决方案。在一个接近真实的叶盘模型上应用了此优化方法。结果表明,仅使用质量占叶片质量10%的压电材料,就可以为多个模态提供约12%的阻尼比。      

非接触转子振动位移采集系统测试误差

对基于叶尖定时测量原理开发的非接触转子振动位移采集系统(NRDMS)测试误差进行了研究分析。将模拟叶片振动标准信号作为采集系统测试的输入信号,研究了测试对象参数和采集系统时基信号对测试结果误差的影响,理论和测试结果分析表明:测试误差主要受采集系统时基信号和转速的影响,采集系统的最大引用误差为0.066%。