主燃级喷嘴和燃油分级后雾化特性实验研究(“两机”专刊)

为优化高温升主燃烧室燃烧性能，对三级旋流主燃烧室开展雾化特性试验研究。预燃级喷嘴采用离心喷嘴压力雾化和气动雾化相结合，主燃级采用预膜式气动雾化。试验采用相位多普勒粒子分析仪对主预燃级喷嘴和燃油分级后的雾化特性进行研究，对比分析了不同头部压降和燃油流量在不同轴向截面和径向位置的液滴粒径分布，并利用高速摄像对不同工况下的喷雾形态进行了记录。试验结果表明：主燃级油雾粒径为50~80μm，气液比达到3.5即可达到良好的雾化水平。随着轴向距离延长，喷雾粒径变大，喷雾浓度变得均匀。燃油分级比增加可降低整体粒径约10μm，且主要影响中心区域，对雾锥外侧粒径影响不大。     

核电厂冷却塔水汽扩散影响因素的分析

应用计算流体力学(CFD)技术软件STAR-CD提供的k-ε(RNG)湍流模型与拉格朗日离散相模型(DPM)相结合对Chalk point电厂冷却塔附近流场以及该冷却塔水汽抬升与扩散规律进行了相关的验证,并与SACTI模式预测冷却塔水汽抬升与扩散规律以及Meroney采用CFD技术的计算结果进行比较。基于该验证结果,分别对不同环境风速、环境温度、环境湿度、冷却塔水汽排放温度对水汽扩散的影响进行了相关的研究。结果表明,环境风速与环境温度对冷却塔水汽扩散的影响较大,而环境湿度对冷却塔水汽扩散的影响次之,冷却塔水汽排放温度对水汽扩散的影响较小。并且随着环境风速与环境温度的增大,冷却塔水汽地面沉积浓度逐渐降低;随着环境湿度的增大,冷却塔水汽地面沉积浓度也逐渐增大;随着冷却塔水汽排放温度的增大,水汽地面沉积浓度也略降低。     

矩形转圆形高超声速内收缩进气道数值及试验研究

采用压力梯度先增大后减小压升规律轴对称基准流场,结合流线追踪及截面渐变技术设计了矩形转圆形内收缩进气道模型,并采用4°斜楔模拟飞行器前体,对前体、进气道一体化模型进行了数值模拟和风洞试验,初步得到了该进气道的流场结构及总体性能.设计点和接力点的数值模拟结果表明该进气道可在马赫数Ma=4～6状态下正常工作,且具有良好的总...     

引气提升轴流压气机性能的数值研究

以低速单级压气机为研究对象,根据引气对压气机性能的影响机理设计了6种引气方案,通过数值模拟,讨论了引气对压气机总压升、稳定裕度的影响.结果表明:对于角区大分离的静子,在靠近吸力面的机匣上和叶片吸力面近轮毂区域同时引气可以以较小的引气量获得压气机总压升和稳定工作裕度的全面提升.研究结论有力地支持了空气系统气源引气与压气机...     

同心圆式主副模分区燃烧组织燃烧室数值研究

针对新一代高温升燃烧室燃烧组织问题,提出了一种满足高温升燃烧室要求的方案,设计了先进的发散小孔冷却结构和同心圆式主副模分区的头部燃烧组织,采用稳态的压力求解器结合非预混PDF模型,对慢车和设计两个工况进行数值研究。通过数值计算获得了燃烧室速度场和温度场分布特性,结果显示了良好的分区供油分区燃烧组织特性。     

高温升直流燃烧室燃烧特性数值研究

为了研究高温升直流燃烧室燃烧特性,建立了带三级涡流器的高温升直流燃烧室物理模型,采用稳态雷诺平均N-S方程的化学反应流数值模拟的方法,开展Ⅱ、Ⅲ级径向涡流器旋向、主燃孔和掺混孔特征参数对高温升直流燃烧室的流场及燃烧特性的影响研究。涡流器能够实现火焰筒头部回流区的产生,同时实现主油路燃油的气动雾化和掺混。主燃孔的射流影响回流区的结构,同时主燃孔射流部分进入主燃区,能够保证主燃区的油气比。掺混孔的射流轨迹影响掺混区的流场和出口温度分布。10种方案燃烧室的温升和总压损失系数均达到设计要求,Mode-1-tx、Mode-3、Mode-3-tx、Mode-4-tx四种方案燃烧室周向温度分布系数(Overall temperature distribution factor,OTDF)达标,而径向温度分布系数(Radial temperature distribution factor,RTDF)略高于设计指标,Mode-5-tx方案燃烧室出口温度系数OTDF=0.178和RTDF=0.061均达标,燃烧室出口温度分布品质较好。     

发动机唇口电热防冰系统性能仿真

采用三维耦合传热方法对发动机唇口电热防冰系统进行了多状态下的性能仿真,获得了唇口表面平衡温度及动态温升响应时间,以此评估防冰系统性能,并通过与冰风洞试验结果对比,对仿真过程进行了修正。研究表明:唇口表面加热区平衡温度均高于273.15 K,温升响应时间小于60 s,满足防冰需要,较为严酷的防冰状态点主要为飞行速度较大、环境温度较低的状态点;修正唇口材料导热系数后,仿真与试验结果吻合良好。研究结果能有效指导工程研制,对提高防除冰仿真分析结果的准确性提供了很好的借鉴。     

Microstructure and Martensitic Transformation Behaviors of Explosively Welded NiTi/NiTi Laminates

The study is a first attempt to prepare bulk NiTi/NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) laminates with a macroscopic heterogeneous composition by explosive welding and investigate their microstructures and martensitic transformation behaviors. After explosive weld- ing, a perfect interfacial bonding between the two components and a reversible martensitic transformation are realized in the tandem. Results show achievement of a fine granular structure and the maximum value of microhardness near the welding interface because of the excessive cold plastic deformation and the high impact velocity during the explosive welding. Meanwhile, the effects of aging on the transformation of the welded tandem are investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and subject to discussion. The trans- formation temperatures of NiTi/NiTi SMAs increase with the rise of the aging temperature. The experimental results indicate the shape memory properties of NiTi/NiTi SMA fabricated by explosive welding can be improved by optimizing the aging technology.     

Microstructure and Optical Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films

Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature.     

吸附式风扇叶栅流场数值模拟

针对某型高性能风扇第2级转子叶片,采用NUMECA商业软件数值模拟的方法,分析了在叶片吸力面距前缘50％和75％弦长处采用吸气技术前后叶栅总压系数、气流转折角和静压升等方面的变化情况.结果表明:在相同攻角相同Ma下,叶栅总压损失随吸气量的增加逐渐降低;叶栅气流转折角随吸气量的增加逐渐交大;叶栅静压升随吸气量的增加逐渐提高;在6°攻角下,在不同Ma下进行吸气,叶栅总压损失都有所降低.