Orbit determination of BDS-3 satellite based on regional ground tracking station and inter-satellite link observations

The BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) has established the Ka-band inter-satellite link (ISL) to realize a two-way ranging function between satellites, which provides a new observation technology for the orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites. Therefore, this study presents a BDS satellite orbit determination model based on ground tracking station (GTS) observations and ISL ranging observations firstly to analyze the impact of the ISL ranging observations on the orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites. Subsequently, considering the data fusion processing, the variance component estimation (VCE) algorithm is applied to the parameter estimation process of the satellite orbit determination. Finally, using the measured data from China’s regional GTS observations and BDS-3 ISL ranging observations, the effects of ISL ranging observations on the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-3 satellites are analyzed. Moreover, the impact of the VCE algorithm on the fusion data processing is evaluated from the aspects of orbit determination accuracy, Ka-band hardware delay parameter stability, and ISL ranging observation residuals. The results show that for China’s regional GTSs, the addition of BDS-3 ISL ranging observations can significantly improve the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-3 satellites. The observed orbit determination accuracy of satellite radial component is improved from 48 cm to 4.1 cm. In addition, when the initial weight ratio between GTS observations and ISL ranging observations is not appropriate, the various indicators which include orbit determination accuracy, ISL hardware delay, and ISL observation residuals were observed to have improved after the adjustment of the VCE algorithm. These results validate the effectiveness of the VCE algorithm for the fusion data processing of the GTS observations and ISL ranging observations.     

GEO/IGSO混合区域导航星座的设计与优化算法

区域导航星座能够以较低成本和较短时间获得目标区域导航能力，且地球同步轨道是构建非极区区域导航星座的重要轨道类型。提出一种基于GEO（地球静止轨道）和IGSO（倾斜地球同步轨道）的区域导航星座设计方法。基于星下点轨迹特性构造对称星座设计参数和优化参数集，并考虑地球扁率长期摄动影响，计算星座轨道参数。以导航服务区的统计GDOP（几何精度因子）为目标函数，利用差分进化算法构建星座优化模型。以印度IRNSS的7星星座为例，仿真检验了设计和优化算法的正确性，讨论了IRNSS星座优化构型和轨道类型选取。本方法采用的对称星座设计参数少，能够提升GEO/IGSO混合区域导航星座的全局优化效率，为后续非对称星座快速提供最佳星数和构型设计。     

多等级区域侦察弹性星座设计方法

针对传统侦察星座目标单一、弹性低的问题，提出了多等级区域侦察弹性星座的设计方法。该方法将星座设计过程按区域等级信息分为多个子星座逐步设计，直到整体星座对所有的区域性能满足设计要求。以区域被划分为3个等级为例，首先对星座设计需求、设计指标及设计步骤进行了分析。其次推导了地面最低分辨率和轨道高度的关系并确定了不同子星座的轨道高度。最后考虑轨道倾角、一箭多星发射、光照和升交点漂移同步约束，构建基础星座、子星座1和子星座2的优化模型。最终设计星座为3层混合星座，共8个轨道面和70颗卫星，星座对各等级区域的最大重访时间分别为10937s，12241s和17437s，弹性指数为2213%，2420%和6361%。结果表明该方法设计的星座可实现对区域覆盖和弹性分级的设计要求，证明了方法的有效性。对比Walker星座设计方法，在同等设计要求下，Walker星座所需卫星数为156颗，多等级区域侦察弹性星座所需卫星数远低于Walker星座，结果进一步证明了该星座设计方法的优越性。     

基于模因算法的飞机装配序列规划

针对飞机制造的装配序列规划问题,提出一种基于模因算法的飞机部件装配序列规划方法。在装配优先约束矩阵和非正交干涉矩阵的基础上构建装配规划模型,以飞机零部件间的装配方向和装配工具的差异性来构建适应度函数。在非干涉解空间中进行全局搜索,获得较优的装配规划方案,通过二叉树中序遍历法将较优的方案转化为可行解,再经过交叉操作和变异操作后,在可行解空间内进行局部搜索,最终获取较优的装配方案。以某型号的飞机舱门装配为例,通过与传统遗传算法对比,证实模因算法在飞机装配序列规划中的可行性和有效性。     

翼身融合运输机分布式电推进系统设计及油耗评估

针对翼身融合运输机开展了分布式电推进系统的总体设计与油耗评估。通过数值计算完成了70t载质量翼身融合飞机的气动设计与优化。在巡航马赫数为0.80和10km高度的设计点,最大升阻比达到了24。通过求解积分边界层方程组,完成了电推进系统的总体设计。电推进系统包含10个推进风扇,风扇直径为1.45m，压比为1.35，巡航功率为2.94MW。建立了考虑燃烧过程的发动机一维性能模型,对发动机油耗进行了评估,获得了不同发动机循环参数下燃油消耗。建模结果表明,基于翼身融合布局和分布式电推进技术,可使运输机的油耗较C-17节省近50%。      

折叠式变体飞行器轨迹优化及控制分析

针对临近空间高超声速飞行器存在的问题，设计了一种折叠翼飞行器，可以通过折叠机翼来适应各种飞行状态，保持最优的气动特性。并针对临近空间滑翔式高超声速的特点，采用高斯伪谱法对固定翼飞行器和折叠翼飞行器的轨迹优化，通过将折叠翼飞行器与传统固定翼飞行器在射程能力、规避热流能力方面进行对比，提出了一种综合目标的轨迹优化思想。设计的折叠翼飞行器相比传统固定翼飞行器性能更加优越，更适合临近空间环境，提高了17.67%的航程，减少了热流率峰值的35.72%，并通过控制系统的设计和仿真加以验证，仿真结果表明变体飞行器机动能力相比固定翼飞行器有了显著的提高。     

基于IPSO-Elman神经网络的飞机客舱能耗预测

为了提高飞机客舱使用地面空调制冷时客舱能耗的预测精度，提出了一种改进的粒子群优化（IPSO）Elman神经网络的飞机客舱能耗预测模型。依据对算法中惯性权重与学习因子的收敛域分析，得出了二者合理的取值范围，将粒子到全局最优位置间距离与参数的取值范围相结合，构造了惯性权重与学习因子的动态调节函数，对其进行非线性的动态调节，并引入了变异因子，提出了一种跳出局部最优的策略，防止粒子群优化（PSO）陷入局部最优。将IPSO-Elman应用于Boeing738飞机客舱能耗预测中，与PSO-Elman、Elman算法进行性能比较，仿真结果表明基于IPSO-Elman的客舱能耗预测模型在预测精度和收敛速度方面均有一定的提升。该研究结果为飞机客舱能耗预测模型的建立提供了理论依据，对飞机地面空调的节能与机场电能合理调配提供了支持。     

太阳能飞机循环飞行的高度剖面能量策略

为满足设定的太阳能飞机多日连续飞行条件，依据飞行过程中当前时刻的飞行高度、光伏输出功率、动力电池组余量等系统状态参数，研究如何分配动力电池组充放电和电推进系统输入等功率。所用策略立足于实时功率平衡，充分利用正午前后的光伏峰值功率用于飞机爬升及充电，在午后下滑过程中利用全部光伏输出，以最大化利用光伏资源；在光伏有效输出不足时则以一定的维持功率下滑，使能量的综合损失最小。方法能够提高以预定夜间飞行高度连续多日续航的成功率，提升飞行高度、纬度、季节范围或搭载能力，或者拓展这几种飞行条件的组合域，优化太阳能飞机的适用性。     

上升段飞行器目标的视频图像跟踪

粒子滤波是一种基于贝叶斯估计理论和蒙特卡罗理论的实时目标跟踪方法，具有较为灵活的并行化跟踪方式，能够较好地维持跟踪目标的假设状态，具有较好的跟踪效果和鲁棒性。上升段飞行器目标飞行视频图像跟踪是火箭等目标飞行监控的重要阶段，但现阶段对飞行器上升段的视频图像跟踪主要依靠人工手动操作云台控制器，实现视频图像中的飞行器跟踪，跟踪图像存在跟踪滞后、画面抖动等现象，跟踪效果受人为因素影响较大。本文提出一种基于粒子滤波方法的上升段飞行器目标视频图像跟踪方法，建立飞行器目标粒子滤波跟踪模型实现对飞行器目标的识别和跟踪，在识别和跟踪的基础上建立云台控制模型，通过对云台的智能控制获得飞行器上升段的高质量图像。采用火箭发射的视频图像作为模型验证的实验数据，检验飞行器目标的跟踪效果。     

A survey of safety separation management and collision avoidance approaches of civil UAS operating in integration national airspace system

Recent years have witnessed a booming of the industry of civil Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS). As an emerging industry, the UAS industry has been attracting great attention from governments of all countries and the aviation industry. UAS are highly digitalized, informationized, and intelligent; therefore, their integration into the national airspace system has become an important trend in the development of civil aviation. However, the complexity of UAS operation poses great challenges to the traditional aviation regulatory system and technical means. How to prevent collisions between UASs and between UAS and manned aircraft to achieve safe and efficient operation in the integrated operating airspace has become a common challenge for industry and academia around the world. In recent years, the international community has carried out a great amount of work and experiments in the air traffic management of UAS and some of the key technologies. This paper attempts to make a review of the UAS separation management and key technologies in collision avoidance in the integrated airspace, mainly focusing on the current situation of UAS Traffic Management (UTM), safety separation standards, detection system, collision risk prediction, collision avoidance, safety risk assessment, etc., as well as an analysis of the bottlenecks that the current researches encountered and their development trends, so as to provide some insights and references for further research in this regard. Finally, this paper makes a further summary of some of the research highlights and challenges.