基于光场成像的快照式气膜孔三维测量技术

叶片气膜孔的几何参数对其冷却效率具有十分重要的影响，需采取有效手段对加工的气膜孔几何参数进行检测。基于光场成像原理，初步探索了单光场相机快照式三维测量技术在气膜孔检测上的应用。与其他光学测量技术相比，该技术仅通过一次拍摄，即可快速从捕获的单张原始光场图像中计算得到气膜孔的三维点云数据，其数据采集效率很高。实验中对一组标准量块进行了测量，展示了单光场相机应用于工业级精密测量的潜力。对实际叶片上气膜孔几何参数的检测结果初步表明了该技术应用于气膜孔三维测量的可能性。由于单光场相机成像系统的结构简单，易于操作且便于与其他传感器设备集成，可为气膜孔三维测量问题提供一种新的解决方案。     

面向建筑空间的OFDM信号定位性能分析

针对利用OFDM信号进行定位时信号非连续性问题,提出一种粗检测和精细检测结合的测距方法,将距离测量转换为不同尺度的时延样点,采用时域粗检测快速估算接收OFDM信号的最大相关峰值,然后对传输时延进行频域精细测量,提升了小数倍采样周期时延测量的精度。在此基础上,分析了OFDM信号的定位性能,仿真结果表明,当OFDM信号在信噪比-11dB的情况下测距误差由3m左右(子载波数512)降至1m(子载波数4096)。     

RTK model and positioning performance analysis using Galileo four-frequency observations

This paper proposes a real-time kinematic (RTK) model that uses one common reference satellite for the Galileo system with four frequency observations. In the proposed model, the double-differenced (DD) pseudorange and carrier phase biases among the different frequencies are estimated as unknown parameters to recover the integer features of the DD ambiguities among the different frequencies for ambiguity resolution and precise positioning. Analysis results show that the E5a, E5b, and E5 frequencies have virtually the same performance in terms of the positioning accuracy, observation residuals, and ratio values of ambiguity resolution. However, the E1 frequency performs worse than the E5a, E5b, and E5 frequencies. The RTK results for the combination of multiple frequencies are much better than those for a single-frequency observation, the coordinates’ standard deviation is improved about 20–30%, and the ambiguity fix time is improved about 10%.     

30cm离子推力器在轨环境下的工作点及热控措施研究

栅极间距变化是影响离子推力器在轨环境下从冷态条件正常点火启动的重要因素，同时也决定了离子推力器的在轨工作时机和热控实施策略。本文采用有限元仿真与地面热平衡试验验证相结合的方法，建立起30cm离子推力器有限元分析模型并进行了模型校验，之后对离子推力器在轨受太阳光照影响的栅极温度场分布和间距变化，以及推力器在5kW工况下的三个典型温度点所对应的栅极间距变化进行了仿真分析，最后考虑了主动热控干预对推力器最恶劣工作点的栅极间距变化影响。结果显示：纯太阳光照影响下的栅极组件存在周期性温度变化，栅极最大温差可达到100℃，栅间距缩小量在0.06mm~0.16mm范围内波动；在太阳光照基础上实施60W的主动热控后，栅极最大温差降低至60℃，栅间距缩小量波动范围则变为0~0.03mm；栅极最高温度点和最低温度点分别是推力器冷态启动最容易和最困难的两个工作时机点，两点所对应的启动后屏栅和加速栅最小间距分别为0.22mm和0.04mm；在10W、70W和120W的热控加热功率下，从最低温度点启动后的屏栅和加速栅最小间距分别为0.06mm、0.20mm和0.29mm；采取主动热控措施能够有效降低推力器工作过程中的栅极热形变位移峰值，且加热功率为120W即温控点温度为50℃的主动热控可以满足30cm离子推力器在轨冷态启动时的0.25mm安全栅极间距要求。     

Estimating inter-system biases for tightly combined Galileo/BDS/GPS RTK

The overlapping carrier frequencies L1/E1, L5/E5a and B2/E5b from GPS/Galileo/BDS allow inter-system double-differencing of observations, which shows a clear advantage over differencing of the observations of each constellation independently. However, the inter-system biases destroy the integer nature of the inter-system double-differencing ambiguities. Two methods of direct rounding and parameter estimation are used to determine the ISB value. By analyzing data collected from Curtin University from 2015 to 2018, the phase and code inter-system bias (ISB) are related to the receiver type, firmware version and the selected overlapping frequency. Upgrade of receiver firmware version results in changes of ISB values. For example, the upgrade of Javad firmware in Dec, 15, 2017 causes the difference of 0.5 cycles ISB between BDS GEO and non-GEO satellites. By comparing the three dynamic models which include white noise process, random walk process, and random constant in the parameter estimation method, the ISB determined by the random constant model is consistent with the value obtained by the direct rounding method. After the calibration of ISBs, the performances of tightly combined positioning are assessed. The success rate of ambiguity resolution and accuracy of positioning for the tight combination (TC) are significantly improved in comparison with that for the loose combination (LC) over short baselines. For L5/E5a, on which only few satellites can be observed, the maximum increase in success rates of ambiguity resolution can reach 31.7%, i.e., from 54.9% of LC to larger than 86.6% of TC, and the positioning accuracies can even be increased by 0.13 m, i.e., from 0.208 of LC to 0.074 m of TC in East direction for the mix-receiver TRIMBLE NETR9-SEPT POLARX4 in 2018.     

A two-step robust adaptive filtering algorithm for GNSS kinematic precise point positioning

In kinematic navigation and positioning, abnormal observations and kinematic model disturbances are one of the key factors affecting the stability and reliability of positioning performance. Generally, robust adaptive filtering algorithm is used to reduce the influence of them on positioning results. However, it is difficult to accurately identify and separate the influence of abnormal observations and kinematic model disturbances on positioning results, especially in the application of kinematic Precise Point Positioning (PPP). This has always been a key factor limiting the performance of conventional robust adaptive filtering algorithms. To address this problem, this paper proposes a two-step robust adaptive filtering algorithm, which includes two filtering steps: without considering the kinematic model information, the first step of filtering only detects the abnormal observations. Based on the filtering results of the first step, the second step makes further detection on the kinematic model disturbances and conducts adaptive processing. Theoretical analysis and experiment results indicate that the two-step robust adaptive filtering algorithm can further enhance the robustness of the filtering against the influence of abnormal observations and kinematic model disturbances on the positioning results. Ultimately, improvement of the stability and reliability of kinematic PPP is significant.     

机载托架自动校准系统的设计与实现

为了解决机载托架传统校准方法精度低、耗时、费力等问题,设计了一种高精度、高效率并且操作简单的成品托架自动校准系统。该系统运用调平精度较高的"循环多次"最高点不动调平方法,建立高精度机载托架校准的静力学数学模型,运用VC与Matlab的COM接口编程技术开发机载托架自动校准系统,并建立良好的人机交互界面。试验结果表明,利用该方法对机载托架进行校准,无论是校准精度还是校准效率都较传统方法有很大提高。     

基于改进粒子群优化模糊控制的MPPT算法研究

在光照强度和温度变化时,常规的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)算法难以快速准确地跟踪光伏系统最大功率点。针对此问题,设计了一种改进粒子群优化算法(PSO)的模糊控制器。首先,依据常规MPPT特性,设计了一种带调整因子的模糊控制算法以快速收敛到最大功率点；然后,采用参数自适应PSO对设计的模糊控制器调整因子进行动态优化。仿真结果表明:所设计的参数自适应PSO优化模糊控制器能快速准确地跟踪最大功率点,保证了MPPT的动态响应速度和稳态精度,提高了光伏系统的工作效率。     

椭圆轨道卫星对地全球覆盖电推进控制

针对椭圆轨道卫星近/远地点的星下点对全球或特定纬度区域的访问问题，提出一种连续小推力下的对地覆盖控制策略。首先，推导了自然摄动对卫星拱线变化的影响，并探讨了进行小推力覆盖控制的必要性。然后，针对燃料消耗的优化问题，将控制方程展开成含傅里叶级数的形式，用以获得便于星上计算的解析形式的次优解，同时探讨了截取阶数与优化程度的关系。在进行拱线控制的同时，通过合理设置约束，对椭圆轨道的近地点高度进行保护，确保卫星安全运行。仿真结果表明，提出的方法能够以适当的燃料消耗代价实现椭圆轨道的近/远地点的全球覆盖控制或特定纬度区域的反复推扫，且控制力在可接受的范围内。     

基于点云数据的发动机管路最小间距计算方案

为检测整机发动机管路是否满足最小间距的设计要求,提出了一种基于点云数据的发动机管路最小间距计算方案,方案包含5个步骤:①从点云数据中划分出不同管路的数据;②基于管路点云数据的空间分布构造等间隔栅格,计算栅格中心点作为管路的趋势线数据;③在管路各趋势线数据点位置上构造垂直平面,将管路点云数据投影到最近的垂直平面上,获得各个垂直平面上呈圆弧状分布的投影点数据;④对各垂直平面上的投影点数据进行最小二乘圆拟合,得到拟合圆圆心及其半径值,将拟合圆圆心作为管路中心线数据;⑤采用遍历法计算两条管路中心线数据的最小间距,中心线最小间距分别减去两条管路的半径值则得到两条管路的表面最小间距。通过12条管路验证了方案的准确度。实验结果表明:管路最小间距偏差在-0.35~0.46mm之间,管路半径偏差在-0.08~0.22mm之间。该方案的实施有助于管路间距数字化检测的实现,且方案的计算结果具有较好的鲁棒性。