Sliding mode control design for oblique wing aircraft in wing skewing process

When the wing of Oblique Wing Aircraft (OWA) is skewed, the center of gravity, inertia and aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft all significantly change, causing an undesirable flight dynamic response, affecting the flying qualities, and even endangering the flight safety. In this study, the dynamic response of an OWA in the wing skewing process is simulated, showing that the three-axis movements of the OWA are highly coupled and present nonlinear characteristics during the wing skewing. As the roll control efficiency of the aileron decreases due to the shortened control arm in an oblique configuration, the all-moving horizontal tail is used for additional roll and the control allocation is performed based on minimum control energy. Given the properties of pitch-roll-yaw coupling and control input and state coupling, and the difficulty of establishing an accurate aerodynamic model in the wing skewing process due to unsteady aerodynamic force, a multi-loop sliding mode controller is formulated by the time-scale separation method. The closed-loop simulation results show that the asymmetric aerodynamics can be balanced and that the velocity and altitude of the aircraft maintain stable, which means that a smooth transition is obtained during the OWA’s wing skewing.     

半球谐振陀螺全角模式控制技术研究

介绍了半球谐振陀螺全角模式的工作机理及其技术特点。对全角模式下振型的控制进行了理论分析,采用乘法相干解调对陀螺振型参数进行提取,并采用参数激励方法对谐振子进行驱动和控制。设计了数字电路进行实验,结果表明该全角模式控制技术实现了半球谐振陀螺的角速率积分功能,能够0°～360°全角度敏感输出,测得的角速度测量值超过300(°)/s,角度测量线性度优于10~(-4),与传统的力平衡模式相比,半球谐振陀螺的动态特性得到大幅提升。     

Backstepping sliding-mode control of stratospheric airships using disturbance-observer

In the presence of unknown disturbances and model parameter uncertainties, this paper develop a nonlinear backstepping sliding-mode controller (BSMC) for trajectory tracking control of a stratospheric airship using a disturbance-observer (DO). Compared with the conventional sliding mode surface (SMS) constructed by a linear combination of the errors, the new SMS manifold is selected as the last back-step error to improve independence of the adjustment of the controller gains. Furthermore, a nonlinear disturbance-observer is designed to process unknown disturbance inputs and improve the BSMC performances. The closed-loop system of trajectory tracking control plant is proved to be globally asymptotically stable by using Lyapunov theory. By comparing with traditional backstepping control and SMC design, the results obtained demonstrate the capacity of the airship to execute a realistic trajectory tracking mission, even in the presence of unknown disturbances, and aerodynamic coefficient uncertainties.     

基于双环滑模控制的直/气复合控制系统设计

直/气复合控制导弹具有强干扰、强非线性以及强耦合等特点，传统的姿态控制器难以适用于该种复杂干扰并存的情况，文章提出了基于双环滑模控制的直/气复合控制器。首先采用有限时间收敛趋近律分别构造内外环滑模控制器，并将角速度回路的滑模变量量化为直接力指令，以解决空气舵与姿控发动机之间的耦合问题。接着使用非线性扩张状态观测器估计综合干扰，从而设计控制器补偿侧向喷流干扰及模型不确定性等综合干扰的影响。然后基于李雅普诺夫方法证明了控制系统闭环稳定，分析了干扰补偿对控制器收敛域的影响。最后仿真结果表明，该方法跟踪速度快，动态过程平稳，具有较强的干扰抑制能力，具有很强的鲁棒性。     

受限航路空域自主航迹规划与冲突管理技术

为了解决在基于航迹运行的空中交通管理自动化系统中人机意识同步的问题，以航路运行为对象，开展了面向受限空域的自主四维航迹（4DT）冲突探测与解脱（CD&R）技术研究。基于自由航线空域（FRA）环境，提出基于栅格的空域离散化处理与计算方法；在此基础上，提出受限空域自主航迹运行两阶段方法：阶段1运用可视图（VG）法和Dijkstra算法，实现了满足限制区约束的航空器期望航迹快速规划；阶段2提出航迹可达时空域模型及其图形化表达方法，并基于连续飞行动力学推导出了不同情况下的航空器位置更新模型，并采用局部冲突探测与解脱方法，以飞行距离最短为目标，实现航空器自主路径与速度联动规划，从而支撑空地、人机认知同步的无冲突四维航迹生成；最后，以中国西部典型空域为运行场景开展仿真实验，验证了所提方法的计算高效性和模型有效性，并对栅格尺寸和探测距离这2个关键参数进行了灵敏度分析。结果表明，所提方法能够支撑复杂空域高密度运行环境自主航迹运行，为推动自主空中交通系统发展提供了新思路和新方法。     

Two-stream instability generation in the lunar ionosphere

The Two-stream Instability (TSI) generation is studied analytically in the lunar ionosphere. The TSI is a tiny perturbation in the electron plasma density, due to which an electric field grows with time and this growth is facilitated by the electron plasma in the background. In lunar ionosphere, the TSI comes into existence when the solar wind interacts unhindered with the tenuous lunar electron plasma in the surface bound exosphere. In this study, the conditions which allow the TSI to form and the subsequent instability growth with time i.e. the growth factor, is estimated. Initially, the threshold condition for the TSI to take place is determined. Thereafter, the solar wind and lunar plasma parameter contribution to trigger TSI is investigated along with the effect of these parameters in the evolution of TSI. The plasma TSI evolution with the passage of time is also depicted in phase space diagram with Particle-In-Cell simulations.     

Application of improved active disturbance rejection control algorithm in tilt quad rotor

The Tilt Quad Rotor (TQR) has complex dynamics characteristics, especially in conversion mode. It is difficult to build the dynamic model of the TQR and the environmental factors have a great influence on it. To solve the problem of control in conversion mode of TQR, this paper carries out the design of the controller based on improved Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC). According to the characteristics of flight in conversion mode, Tracking Differentiator (TD) with explicit model is used to solve the problem of multiple integrals when the system is high-order system. Extended State Observer (ESO) with Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network is used to estimate and compensate for internal and external uncertainties, and the adaptive sliding mode control in Nonlinear State Error Feedback (NLSEF) is used to improve the response speed of the controller and reduce the parameters which should be tuned. Through the flight control simulation of the TQR, the validity and rationality of the control system are verified.     

多梁复合结构的动力学建模及全局解析振型分析

多梁复合结构广泛用于工程领域，其动力学特性对相关装备的工作状况有着重要影响，建立准确适用的动力学模型对后续的动力学响应参数影响规律研究有决定性作用。针对工程中常见的多梁复合结构，给出了位移场的一般表达式，利用哈密顿原理得出多梁复合结构的运动控制方程和边界条件，对其全局解析振型进行理论计算，给出了计算多梁复合结构数值振型的一般过程，基于数值分析和实验分析以L型梁和Z型梁为例利用频率相对误差、振型定性比较和MAC定量分析说明了全局解析振型的求解验证方法，利用伽辽金方法和全局解析振型给出了截断原系统得到离散系统运动方程的一般形式。提出的多梁复合结构的建模方法和全局解析振型求解验证方法，对工程中此类结构动力学响应的参数影响规律研究有重要意义。     

航空航天制造机器人高精度作业装备与技术综述

新一代航空航天产品的研制与批产对制造精度与加工质量提出了更高的新要求。以机器人为核心的智能制造技术与装备是解决该难题的有效途径。然而,工业机器人较低的定位精度与弱刚性结构属性严重制约了其在航空航天部件高精度加工作业中的推广应用。本文在阐述国内外机器人装备在航空航天制造业的应用现状的基础上,重点介绍了机器人作业刚度强化策略与定位误差精确补偿方法的研究现状,并分析了现有高精度控制方法存在的问题及技术难点。最后探讨了机器人作业装备在航空航天制造领域的技术发展趋势,为面向航空航天产品的机器人高精度制造技术的研究提供参考与借鉴。