螺旋爆轰内部胞格结构实验探索

为研究螺旋爆轰胞格结构，选取预混气C2H2+2.5O2+85%Ar、C2H2+2.5O2+70%Ar与C2H2+5N2O在光滑管中进行爆轰实验，使用烟膜记录管道侧壁与端面胞格结构。编写MATLAB程序处理烟膜记录，比较侧壁横波间距、端面胞格直径平均值，以及相邻端面胞格中心点距离平均值与标准差。其中，侧壁横波间距明显大于管壁附近端面胞格直径平均值。另外，相较于稳定气，不稳定气近管壁与近管轴区域的端面胞格直径差异更大，不同压力下预混气C2H2+5N2O近管壁与近管轴区域的端面胞格直径差异分别为47.91 %、59.64 %、40.42 % 与37.21 %。为进一步探索爆轰波内部结构，使用CH4+2O2在5 mm、15 mm与25 mm宽度的环形管进行实验，对比侧壁及端面烟膜结果可观测到内部螺旋横波旋转方式。相对环管宽度而言，初始压力是胞格尺寸的主要影响参数，而整体上外侧壁胞格尺寸稍大于内侧壁胞格尺寸。     

守恒型可压缩一维湍流方法及其在超声速标量混合层中的应用

一维湍流（ODT）方法是一种能在一维计算域上遵循湍流基本物理规律的湍流建模方法。通过结合确定性和随机性求解方法，能够在一维计算域上准确捕捉到湍流统计规律，且降维建模可显著减小计算量。ODT方法主要被广泛用于不可压湍流和湍流燃烧研究，若要将其拓展用于模拟高速可压缩湍流，需对建模方法进行深度改进。相比于不可压ODT方法，本文基于欧拉参考框架，针对可压缩湍流的特性，将因变量由原始变量改为有利于减小可压缩湍流模拟误差的守恒通量，并加入了组分求解模块。对确定性和随机性求解模块均进行了相应的深度改进，开发出具有标量混合模拟功能的守恒型可压缩ODT方法。在确定性模块中改为求解以守恒通量为变量的一维截断控制方程，在随机性模块中构造一维涡时，将三联映射的作用对象也相应地由原始变量改为守恒通量，并选用了可保证变密度情况下动量守恒的双核变换。通过模拟空间发展超声速平面湍流混合层并将自相似阶段结果与实验结果比对，验证该方法对可压缩剪切湍流场中标量混合的捕捉精度。守恒型可压缩ODT方法模拟得到的速度场和组分场的平均剖面和脉动强度分布与实验结果准确吻合，精度明显优于传统的耦合梯度扩散亚格子模型的大涡模拟方法（LES-GRAD.DIFF.）以及耦合线性涡（LEM）亚格子模型的大涡模拟方法（LES-LEM），且该方法的降维处理使其在降低计算成本方面具有显著优势。     

Diurnal and seasonal variations in long-term changes in the E-layer critical frequency

Long-term changes in the E-layer critical frequency, foE, at three stations of the European region (Juliusruh, Slough and Rome) and also at Moscow and Wakkanai stations are analyzed by the method developed by the authors and described in detail in the previous papers. It is found that Juliusruh and Slough stations demonstrate a well-pronounced change in foE (a trend) during two previous decades. At the same time, the same features of the behavior of the aforementioned trend k(foE) are obtained. The trend is positive and negative in the morning and evening hours, respectively. Similar diurnal behavior of k(foE) is found also for Moscow station but with lower absolute values of the trends. A well-pronounced seasonal behavior of k(foE) is detected at Juliusruh and Slough: the trend is minimal and maximal in the summer period and at the end of fall—beginning of winter, respectively. The maximal amplitude in the morning hours reaches +0.04?MHz per year, whereas the minimal amplitude in evening hours is ?0.06?MHz per year. No systematic changes exceeding by the magnitude 0.01?MHz per year are found for Rome and Wakkanai stations. It is assumed that the observed trends are related to changes (trends) in the meridional wind bringing NO molecules from the auroral oval to lower latitudes.     

翼身融合运输机分布式电推进系统设计及油耗评估

针对翼身融合运输机开展了分布式电推进系统的总体设计与油耗评估。通过数值计算完成了70t载质量翼身融合飞机的气动设计与优化。在巡航马赫数为0.80和10km高度的设计点,最大升阻比达到了24。通过求解积分边界层方程组,完成了电推进系统的总体设计。电推进系统包含10个推进风扇,风扇直径为1.45m，压比为1.35，巡航功率为2.94MW。建立了考虑燃烧过程的发动机一维性能模型,对发动机油耗进行了评估,获得了不同发动机循环参数下燃油消耗。建模结果表明,基于翼身融合布局和分布式电推进技术,可使运输机的油耗较C-17节省近50%。      

一种基于虚拟页地址映射的NAND Flash管理算法

本文提出了一种基于虚拟页地址映射的NAND Flash管理算法.该算法通过定义坏块表、对应表等结构，以及设计的坏块替换策略和虚拟页地址到实际物理页地址的转换算法，实现上层软件采用虚拟地址对NAND Flash的无坏块连续页地址访问.该算法是一种高效的地址映射算法，能高效地对数据进行索引，占用SRAM空间较少，使系统达到高性能，并使得闪存使用的更加稳定持久.     

展向离散抽吸法控制边界层转捩实验研究

通过实验成功发展了一种生成大振幅稳定条带的有效方法,即展向离散抽吸方法。在此基础上,开展条带控制边界层转捩的研究。实验在水洞中进行,以零压力梯度平板边界层为研究对象,利用氢气泡时间线法观测引入条带前后人工激发转捩边界层中扰动发展变化,分析条带对转捩的控制效果及参数影响。结果表明,展向离散抽吸方法生成的稳定条带最大振幅可达28.4%U（U为自由流速度）;实验中引入的宽度14和28mm的稳定条带都能起到抑制转捩的作用;条带振幅越大、宽度越窄,抑制效果越明显。研究结果为探索降低水/空气中航行器摩阻的新技术提供有价值的参考。     

旋转弹体马格努斯效应数值模拟方法研究

旋转的弹体通常会存在马格努斯效应,严重影响飞行稳定性和弹道轨迹。提出基于旋转壁面法的多对称面弹体旋转效应数值模拟方法,无需借助动网格和多参考系模型,仅需要将旋转速度附加壁面,即可使用定常方法模拟马格努斯效应;同时,使用SOCBT标准弹体模型对该方法进行验证分析。结果表明:计算值与试验值吻合较好;由于旋转引起的附面层堆积以及大攻角分离效应、激波的干扰,计算时附面层的网格节点要足够密,并且应该针对不同的攻角选择精度与效率兼顾的计算模型。     

Case study of inclined sporadic E layers in the Earth’s ionosphere observed by CHAMP/GPS radio occultations: Coupling between the tilted plasma layers and internal waves

We have used the radio occultation (RO) satellite data CHAMP/GPS (Challenging Minisatellite Payload/Global Positioning System) for studying the ionosphere of the Earth. A method for deriving the parameters of ionospheric structures is based upon an analysis of the RO signal variations in the phase path and intensity. This method allows one to estimate the spatial displacement of a plasma layer with respect to the ray perigee, and to determine the layer inclination and height correction values. In this paper, we focus on the case study of inclined sporadic E (E_s) layers in the high-latitude ionosphere based on available CHAMP RO data. Assuming that the internal gravity waves (IGWs) with the phase-fronts parallel to the ionization layer surfaces are responsible for the tilt angles of sporadic plasma layers, we have developed a new technique for determining the parameters of IGWs linked with the inclined E_s structures. A small-scale internal wave may be modulating initially horizontal E_s layer in height and causing a direction of the plasma density gradient to be rotated and aligned with that of the wave propagation vector k. The results of determination of the intrinsic wave frequency and period, vertical and horizontal wavelengths, intrinsic vertical and horizontal phase speeds, and other characteristics of IGWs under study are presented and discussed.     

A novel virtual material layer model for predicting natural frequencies of composite bolted joints

A novel virtual material layer model based on the fractal theory was proposed to predict the natural frequencies of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composite bolted joints. Rough contact surfaces of composite bolted joints are modeled with this new proposed approach. Numerical and experimental modal analyses were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. A good consistence is noted between the numerical and experimental results. To demonstrate the necessity of accurately modeling the rough contact surfaces in the prediction of natural frequencies, virtual material layer model was compared with the widely used traditional model based on the Master-Slave contact algorithm and experiments, respectively. Results show that the proposed model has a better agreement with experiments than the widely used traditional model (the prediction accuracy is raised by 8.77% when the pre-tightening torque is 0.5 N∙m). Real contact area ratio A* of three different virtual material layers were calculated. Value of A* were discussed with dimensionless load P*, fractal dimension D and fractal roughness G. This work provides a new efficient way for accurately modeling the rough contact surfaces and predicting the natural frequencies of composite bolted joints, which can be used to help engineers in the dynamic design of composite materials.     

不同流速比超声速混合层气动光学效应研究

针对不同流速比混合层流场气动光学效应问题，首先采用大涡模拟数值方法进行了数值仿真，其次用光线追迹方法进行了气动光学效应仿真，最后对混合层的气动光学效应进行了评价。结果表明，混合层流场涡结构与光程差极小值存在一一对应关系，并且其流速比低的混合层气动光学效应更加严重。同时，研究了不同光学参数对斯特列尔比的影响，得到了相应的规律。