石英玻璃的等离子体抛光技术研究现状

具有耐腐蚀、热膨胀系数低等诸多优良物理化学特性的石英玻璃在高性能光学系统中被广泛使用。要求元件达到纳米级别的表面粗糙度，而且没有损伤层和残余应力，因此精加工之后的超精密抛光工序尤为重要。本文介绍了气囊、磁流变、弹性发射、离子束等几种石英玻璃的精密抛光方法，侧重阐述了国内外等离子体的抛光技术，包括等离子体辅助化学刻蚀、等离子体喷射加工、等离子化学蒸发加工研究进展及取得的成果；且对等离子体的未来发展进行概述。     

Identification of seismic activity sources on the subsatellite track by ionospheric plasma disturbances detected with the Sich-2 onboard probes

Using a cylindrical Langmuir probe and the authors’ proprietary two-channel pressure transducer, ionospheric plasma parameter distributions along the orbit of the Sich-2 satellite (Ukraine, 2011–2012) were measured. This paper is concerned with identifying the space–time location of ionospheric plasma disturbance sources, including the epicenters of actual earthquakes (before or during the satellite flyover) and incipient earthquakes on the subsatellite track, from the measured distributions of the electron density and temperature and the neutral particle temperature along the satellite orbit. To do this, the measured ionospheric plasma parameter distributions are connected to the coordinates on the subsatellite track.It is shown that local disturbances in the electron density and temperature and neutral particle temperature distributions in the satellite orbit in the ionosphere may serve as indicators of seismic activity on the subsatellite track. The epicenters of incipient earthquakes may be set off from other plasma parameter disturbance sources associated with seismic activity using information provided by special monitoring and survey centers that monitor the current seismic situation.     

基于新型丝状电极等离子体激励器的前体涡控制

本文首次将新型丝状暴露电极DBD等离子激励器应用于大迎角下细长体非对称涡控制。丝状暴露电极的材料的选择对DBD推力以及推力效率至关重要,通过地面精细推力测量对丝状暴露电极等离子体激励器进行了优化,结果表明,本文研究材料中采用钨丝作为暴露电极,其推力效率最优;且随着电极直径从d=0.3 mm减小到d=0.08 mm,DBD推力效率显著提升。基于优化后的DBD激励器,将其应用于前体非对称涡控制:未施加等离子体控制时,压力测量以及PIV结果均表明细长体背风区流场为明显的非对称涡结构;在等离子体激励下,该非对称涡结构可变为对称甚至反向非对称,且非稳态激励控制能力明显优于稳态激励。研究发现,大迎角下细长体非对称涡控制与背风区原始涡系结构有关,其中包含对称涡系和非对称涡系。本文研究为大迎角下细长体非对称涡控制提供了一种新思路,同时也为丝状暴露电极DBD等离子体激励器的应用提供参考。     

化学-电喷双模推进系统的研究现状及展望

传统的化学推进和电推进拥有不同的特点及适用范围。化学推进可以产生毫牛级至牛级推力，相比于电推进，推力大，推力范围宽；电推进比冲高达上千秒，最小可以产生微牛级推力。但两种模式单独执行任务有一定的局限性，难以完成较为复杂的航天任务。化学推进与电推进相结合的双模推进系统，同时拥有高比冲和较宽的推力范围，为航天器提供了更高的任务灵活性，其中单组元液体火箭发动机 离子液体电喷推力器双模推进系统近年来受到广泛关注。简述了单组元 电喷双模推进系统的工作原理和特点，重点总结了国内外关于双模推进的研究现状，并对目前面临的问题与挑战进行分析。     

液体火箭发动机健康监控技术研究现状

液体火箭发动机健康监控技术是改进和提高运载火箭、航天器可靠性与安全性的核心技术之一,对其进行研究具有重要的学术价值和工程应用价值。液体火箭发动机健康监控技术的研究主要包括液体火箭发动机故障检测与诊断理论方法、液体火箭发动机健康监控系统两方面。该文介绍了基于模型驱动的方法、基于数据驱动的方法和基于人工智能的方法,阐明了液体火箭发动机故障检测与诊断理论方法的研究现状,通过对美国液体火箭发动机典型健康监控系统的介绍,阐明了液体火箭发动机健康监控系统研究的若干进展及现状,并对液体火箭推进系统健康监控技术的演变趋势作了简要评述。     

Effect of moderate geomagnetic storms on equatorial plasma bubbles over eastern Africa in the year 2012: Evolution and electrodynamics

Equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) are common features of the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere and are known to cause radio wave scintillation which leads to the degradation of communication and navigation systems. Although these structures have been studied for decades, a full understanding of their evolution and dynamics remains important for space weather mitigation purposes. In this study, we present cases of EPBs occurrences around April and July 2012 geomagnetic storm periods over the African equatorial sector. The EPBs were observed from the Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) and generally correlated well to the ionospheric irregularities observed from the Global Positioning System total electron content (GPS-TEC) measurements (rate of TEC change, ROT). This study revealed that the evolution of the EPBs during moderate storms is controlled by the strength of the daytime equatorial electrojet (EEJ) currents regardless of the strength of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), the latter is observed during the July storm case in particular. These effects were more evident during the main and part of the early recovery phases of the geomagnetic storm days considered. However, the evening hours TEC gradients between regions of the magnetic equator and ionization crests also played roles in the existence of ionospheric irregularities.     

Reconfigurable fault-tolerant control for supersonic missiles with actuator failures under actuation redundancy

Aircraft undergoing actuator failures into under-actuation have been seldom studied in literature. Aiming at addressing actuator failures of Total Loss of Effectiveness (TLOE) as well as Partial Loss of Effectiveness (PLOE) resulting in different system actuations, reconfigurable Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) is proposed for supersonic wingless missiles under actuation redundancy. The under-actuated system of TLOE failure patterns is solved by transformation to cascade systems through a ‘shape variable’. Meanwhile, actuator TLOE faults of different unknown failure patterns from proper actuation to under-actuation are accommodated by a reconfigurable adaptive law on a multiple-model basis. The backstepping technique with the Extended State Observer (ESO) method adopted as a basic strategy is applied to an established symmetric coupled missile system with actuator PLOE faults, modeling errors, and external disturbances. Additionally, the nonlinear saturation characteristics of actuators are settled by an auxiliary system with the Nussbaum function technique. The stability of the control system is analyzed and proven through Lyapunov theory. Numerical simulations are implemented in the presences of aerodynamic uncertainties, gust disturbance, and actuator failures. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method with satisfactory tracking performance and actuator fault tolerance capacity.     

吸气式电推进系统可行条件分析

吸气式电推进系统作为有可能实现长寿命超低轨飞行的技术而被关注。根据不同轨道环境条件，采用管状结构进气道、以及机械增压的吸气方式，讨论了吸气式电推进系统所需的可行条件。分析表明，在轨高度180~240km，航天器所需总功耗与迎风面之比需要大于2kW/m2，电推力器比冲需大于4×104m/s，方可满足推阻平衡需求。分析得出，实现吸气式系统在地球轨道的运用，关键技术在于增加气体收集效率并且降低收集功耗，同时电推力器的效率还需进一步提升。     

多种工质下螺旋波等离子体源波场结构数值模拟

针对螺旋波等离子体放电机理，开展了多种工质条件下的螺旋波放电等离子体内波场结构数值模拟研究。计算发现:氦气等离子体的Er分量在径向边界处的峰值更为突出，有利于等离子体在径向的输运，波电场径向分量决定了电流密度径向分量在内部的表现。在0.266 Pa和1.064 Pa两种气体压强条件下，通过波场结构验证了气压对于波阻尼影响的结论。波场结构是螺旋波在等离子体内传播以及能量沉积的微观体现，研究螺旋波波场结构是揭示其高电离效率的重要途径。初步探索了功率耦合机制，为实验系统优化及实验方案设定奠定理论基础。     

三角翼DBD等离子体流动控制研究进展

现代战机采用较多的三角翼，在大迎角绕流时存在前缘涡破裂等气动问题。作为新型主动流动控制技术，等离子体激励频带宽、响应快、结构简单、便于闭环控制，在解决三角翼气动问题上具有潜力。回顾了介质阻挡放电（DBD）等离子体气动激励的基本原理，及其用于三角翼前缘涡控制的研究进展。从来流条件、几何构型、激励参数等方面分析了DBD等离子体激励对流动控制效果的影响规律；结合不同激励频率下流场演化特性，分析了流动控制机理。最后，从理论研究和工程应用的角度，对三角翼前缘涡控制的发展进行总结展望。