典型工况下低排放燃烧室的压力振荡特性

为了研究低排放燃烧室在典型工况下的压力振荡特性,针对模型燃烧室进行了燃烧自激振荡特性试验.在试验中测量了采用贫油预混预蒸发(LPP)燃烧技术的低排放燃烧室在典型工况下的压力振荡频率和幅值,在燃烧室进口压力为1.10～2.77MPa、燃烧室进口温度为656～845 K、燃烧室压降为3.41％～4.35％范围内,分析了燃油粒径变化对振荡特性的影响.分析结果表明:局部当量比脉动是引发燃烧不稳定的因素之一.通过计算燃油二次雾化状态下的液滴最大粒径,发现燃油液滴粒径的变化对主燃级出口处的局部当量比脉动有直接影响,从而引起燃烧室压力振荡幅值和频率的变化.     

不同台阶高度对中心分级燃烧室点火熄火性能的影响

设计了一种贫油燃烧中心分级燃烧室,采用单头部矩形试验件,试验研究了3种不同台阶高度对点火熄火性能的影响.试验中只有预燃级喷嘴供油工作,在常温常压、常温低压条件下进行了贫油点火试验,在常温常压、加温常压下进行了贫油熄火试验.结果表明:台阶高度越大,贫油点火边界越宽,同时贫油熄火边界越宽;进口温度的升高有助于改善贫油熄火性能,并缩小3种方案贫油熄火油气比的差距,在320~570K的进口温度范围内,贫油熄火油气比的最大差距由40%减小到13%;3种方案都具有较好的常温负压点火性能,且在0.5%~1.5%的火焰筒进出口总压降下,贫油点火油气比差异不大,最大相差不超过10%.     

中心分级燃烧室预燃级贫油熄火性能试验

对一种单环腔的中心分级LESS（low emissions stirred swirl）燃烧室进行了常压状态下的贫油熄火性能试验研究.采用单头部试验件,研究了预燃级离心喷嘴流量数、进口温度及燃料类型对贫油熄火性能的影响.结果表明:预燃级采用小流量数的离心喷嘴能够降低贫油熄火当量比.进口温度低于150℃的范围内,随着进口温度的增加,贫油熄火当量比迅速降低;进口温度高于150℃时,温度对贫油熄火当量比的影响作用不明显.气态燃料与液态燃料的贫油熄火当量比随火焰筒压降的变化趋势是不同的,但都趋于相同的值,且在5%的火焰筒压降范围内,气态燃料的贫油熄火当量比低于液态燃料.      

中心分级燃烧室变频变能点火性能试验

对中心分级燃烧室常温常压下变频变能点火性能进行了试验研究,点火能量为1~15J,点火频率为1~15Hz,燃烧室压降1.5%。结果表明:随着点火能量增大,贫油点火余气系数先迅速增大后缓慢增大,点火延迟时间先急剧缩短后缓慢缩短,随点火频率增大,贫油点火余气系数缓慢增大,点火延迟时间先迅速缩短后缓慢缩短,点火能量较低时该规律更为显著；当点火功率大于35W时提高点火功率对提高点火性能意义不大,点火能量对点火性能的影响较点火频率更为显著,相同功率下提高点火能量对点火更有利；基于Lefebvre、王延胜等人的点火模型,拟合了中心分级燃烧室关于燃烧室参考速度、索太尔平均直径、点火能量和点火频率的点火模型,模型预测误差在±10%以内。      

中心分级燃烧室预燃级燃烧性能实验

研究了一种中心分级燃烧室.在某大推力航空发动机慢车工况下,采用单头部矩形燃烧室,进行了燃烧性能实验,考察了预燃级旋流杯套筒扩张角、台阶高度、预燃级气量分配对污染排放、燃烧效率和贫油熄火油气比的影响作用.实验结果表明:慢车工况下,预燃级旋流杯套筒扩张角从60°增大到100°后,NOx排放降低42%,CO和未燃碳氢燃料(UHC)排放均增加2.5倍左右,燃烧效率降低1.75%,贫油熄火油气比从0.0038增大到0.0067;台阶高度减小24%后,NOx排放降低37%,CO和UHC排放分别增加1.5倍和1.2倍,燃烧效率降低1.32%,贫油熄火油气比从0.0042增大到0.0061;预燃级气量分配减小20%后,NOx排放增加13.5%,CO和UHC排放分别降低55.6%和38.9%,燃烧效率增大1.46%,贫油熄火油气比从0.0061减小到0.0051.      

Influence of coupled characteristics on the internally staged combustor under low power operation

An ultra low emissions combustor, namely low emission stirred swirl (LESS) combustor was studied, based on a scheme of internally staged/lean premixed and prevaporized (LPP) combustion. The LESS combustor consists of central pilot stage and outer surrounded coaxially main stage, between which there exists a physical isolation, namely the step height. The existence of step height delayed the pilot and main jets mixing. Experimental and numerical studies were carried out to investigate the influence of the step height on the combustion performance. A single dome rectangular combustor was utilized to conduct the lean lightoff and blowout experiments, and pollutant emission experiments. The experimental results showed that with the increase of step height by 38%, the lean lightoff and blowout fuel air ratio decreased by 574% and 375%, the NOx emission increased by 35.1%, and the combustion efficiency increased by 1.78%; while the CO,unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) emissions decreased. Furthermore, the total pressure loss was kept nearly constant. Non reacting and reacting flow fields were numerically investigated to analyze the coupled characteristics of pilot and main jets with different step heights. A comparison of flow characteristics, spray structure, and combustion component as well as temperature field with different step heights was conducted. The numerical results showed that the increase of the step height shifted the peak velocity outwards. The enlargement of the primary recirculation zone (PRZ) resulted in the increase of the combustion efficiency and NOx emission, while the CO, UHC emissions decreeased.