基于有向图模型的民机航空电子系统故障诊断

结合民机航电系统外场可更换单元或模块（LRU/LRM）的故障模式及影响分析（FMEA）、故障树 分析和实时性要求，设计了基于时间故障传播图（TFPG）的系统故障诊断元模型和领域模型，研究了基于逻 辑和时间一致性检验的故障诊断算法，使用后向推理和可信度度量列出候选故障集。以飞行管理系统为例，构 造了其功能失效的TFPG 模型，并通过仿真验证了基于TFPG 的诊断在滤除级联效应和关联驾驶舱效应中的有 效性。     

垂直起降运载火箭返回轨迹不确定性优化

针对垂直起降运载火箭一子级在返回着陆的过程中存在的参数不确定性，提出了一种基于非侵入式多项式混沌展开的序列优化和可靠度评估的返回轨迹不确定性优化方法。首先，建立了返回多飞行段轨迹在确定性条件下的优化模型。然后，为同时兼顾轨迹的鲁棒性和可靠性，建立了由鲁棒最优目标函数、基于可靠度的路径约束和鲁棒等式约束组成的不确定性返回轨迹优化模型。最后，基于非侵入式多项式混沌展开方法对鲁棒目标函数和等式约束进行量化处理，将原随机鲁棒优化问题转化为高维状态空间中的等价确定性优化问题；为提高路径约束的可靠度评估效率，基于非侵入式多项式混沌展开方法对最可能点法进行改进，进一步发展了序列优化和可靠度评估策略。数值仿真结果表明，所提出的不确定性优化方法具有较好的鲁棒性，可以满足工程可靠性指标要求，同时还具有较高的精度和计算效率。     

航天器运输包装箱仿真验证平台技术研究

针对数量有限的物理跑车试验无法满足减振与保温性能测试需求的问题，提出一套航天器运输包装箱动力学与热学仿真验证方法，包括：建立适用于包装箱系统的刚柔耦合多体动力学系统，通过结合线路条件测试生成的动力学系统外部激励，实现减振性能虚拟跑车测试；建立基于计算流体力学的包装箱热学模型，通过模拟自然对流和空调控制，实现包装箱保温性能虚拟跑车测试；基于C/S架构和导航式流程设计思想，建立航天器运输包装箱仿真验证平台，通过实际案例证明该平台仿真结果与实际跑车测试数据具有较高的一致性。     

Evaluation of SARAL/AltiKa performance using GNSS/IMU equipped buoy in Sajafi,Imam Hassan and Kangan Ports

Performance of SARAL/AltiKa mission has been evaluated within 2016 altimeter calibration/validation framework in Persian Gulf through three campaigns conducted in the offshore waters of Sajafi, Imam Hassan and Kangan Ports, while the altimeter overflew the passes 470, 111 and 25 on 13 Feb, 7 March and 17 June 2016, respectively. As the preparation, a lightweight buoy was equipped with a GNSS receiver/choke-ring antenna and a MEMS-based IMU to measure independent datasets in the field operations. To obtain accurate sea surface height (SSH) time series, the offset of the onboard antenna from the equilibrium sea level was predetermined through surveying operations as the buoy was deploying in the onshore waters of Kangan Port. Accordingly, the double-difference carrier phase observations have been processed via the Bernese GPS Software v. 5.0 so as to provide the GNSS-derived time series at the comparison points of the calibration campaigns, once the disturbing effects due to the platform tilt and heave have been eliminated. Owing to comparing of the SSH time series and the associating altimetry 1?Hz GDR-T datasets, the calibration/validation of the SARAL/AltiKa has been performed in the both cases of radiometer and ECMWF wet troposphere corrections so as to identify potential land contamination. An agreement of the present findings in comparison with those attained in other international calibrations sites confirms the promising feasibility of Persian Gulf as a new dedicated site for calibration/validation of ongoing and future altimetry missions.     

Assessment of between-floor structural and topological properties on cognitive map development in multilevel built environments

The present study investigated cognitive map development in multilevel built environments. Three experiments were conducted in complex virtual buildings to examine the effects of five between-floor structural factors that may impede the accuracy of humans’ ability to build multilevel cognitive maps. Results from Experiments 1 and 2 (of three experiments) revealed that difficulties in developing multilevel cognitive maps are not solely caused by the z-axis offset, as is suggested in the literature, but are due to the factorial combination of a between-floor overlap and a z-axis offset. Results from Experiment 2 showed that this process becomes substantially more difficult when the reference directions between different floors have an angular offset from each other. Finally, results from Experiment 3 demonstrated that confusing between-floor heading shifts in aligned buildings did not make it reliably harder to build multilevel cognitive maps. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of theories of mental representations in multilayered three-dimensional spaces, as well as for architectural design.     

基于惯性定位定向的高铁轨检仪研究

根据高铁轨道静态检测的测量需求，设计了一种利用定位定向技术的0级轨检仪，详细阐述了其构成和工作原理，介绍了其特点。通过对比性分析论证，优选了一种测量精度高、操作方法简单且可大幅度提高测量效率的设计方案。理论仿真表明，本系统测量精度能够达到优于13mm/km水平。根据理论仿真结果搭建了原理简易验证设备，结合高铁测控网的测量基准，在一段高铁的弯道铁轨上进行了验证测试。从测试结果看，样机测量精度的重复性可以到达1mm/500m（1σ）的水平，10次测量效率优于500m/2h，表明采用定位定向技术的0级轨检仪具备实际工程化的潜力，以及提高测量效率和精度的能力。     

月面着陆起飞试验技术研究

可靠、安全地实现月面软着陆及月面起飞是完成月面探测任务的基本条件,也是探测器研制的一项关键技术,需要开展地面验证试验。地面环境与月面有较大的差异,探测器在地面的工作特性也与实际过程不尽相同,地面试验的设计及实施有较大的难度。分析了探测器月面着陆起飞的设计要点和地面试验的关键因素,指出了当前试验技术存在的缺陷,在此基础上提出了一种利用探测器自身动力实现月面着陆和起飞的验证方案,通过动力学仿真验证了试验实施的可行性,并对方案的拓展应用价值进行了展望,相关内容可为后续我国月球及其他行星表面探测器的研制提供借鉴。     

Simulating planetary wave propagation to the upper atmosphere during stratospheric warming events at different mountain wave scenarios

Parameterization schemes of atmospheric normal modes (NMs) and orographic gravity waves (OGWs) have been implemented into the mechanistic Middle and Upper Atmosphere Model (MUAM) simulating atmospheric general circulation. Based on the 12-members ensemble of runs with the MUAM, a composite of the stratospheric warming (SW) has been constructed using the UK Met Office data as the lower boundary conditions. The simulation results show that OGW amplitudes increase at altitudes above 30 km in the Northern Hemisphere after the SW event. At altitudes of about 50 km, OGWs have largest amplitudes over North American and European mountain systems before and during the composite SW, and over Himalayas after the SW. Simulations demonstrate substantial (up to 50–70%) variations of amplitudes of stationary planetary waves (PWs) during and after the SW in the mesosphere-lower thermosphere of the Northern Hemisphere. Westward travelling NMs have amplitude maxima not only in the Northern, but also in the Southern Hemisphere, where these modes have waveguides in the middle and upper atmosphere. Simulated variations of PW and NM amplitudes correspond to changes in the mean zonal wind, EP-fluxes and wave refractive index at different phases of the composite SW events. Inclusion of the parameterization of OGW effects leads to decreases in amplitudes (up to 15%) of almost all SPWs before and after the SW event and their increase (up to 40–60%) after the SW in the stratosphere and mesosphere at middle and high northern latitudes. It is suggested that observed changes in NM amplitudes in the Southern Hemisphere during SW could be caused by divergence of increased southward EP-flux. This EP-flux increases due to OGW drag before SW and extends into the Southern Hemisphere.     

面向建筑空间的OFDM信号定位性能分析

针对利用OFDM信号进行定位时信号非连续性问题,提出一种粗检测和精细检测结合的测距方法,将距离测量转换为不同尺度的时延样点,采用时域粗检测快速估算接收OFDM信号的最大相关峰值,然后对传输时延进行频域精细测量,提升了小数倍采样周期时延测量的精度。在此基础上,分析了OFDM信号的定位性能,仿真结果表明,当OFDM信号在信噪比-11dB的情况下测距误差由3m左右(子载波数512)降至1m(子载波数4096)。     

基于数字虚拟飞行的民机侧风着陆地面航向操稳特性评估

基于民机的适航要求，建立了一种基于数字虚拟飞行的侧风着陆地面航向操稳特性评估方法。以着陆滑跑过程中最大机体倾斜角和最大航迹偏移量作为评估的关键参数，依据人机闭环数字飞行仿真计算结果，评估了某大型水陆两栖飞机侧风着陆任务的地面航向操稳特性适航符合性。对于20 kts侧风分量，算例飞机着陆滑跑的机身最大机体倾斜角为3.44°，最大侧向航迹偏差为2.51 m，能够满足适航要求。进一步研究表明，侧风分量大小、道面污染情况均影响侧风着陆的安全性。在干道面上当侧风分量超过30 kts时即会出现地面打转现象；道面污染增加滑跑减速所消耗的跑道长度，同时不利于驾驶员对滑行航向的控制。所提评估方法可应用于民机的概念和方案设计阶段，并为后续开展飞行试验验证等提供理论参考。