基于随机维纳过程的航空发动机性能衰退研究

针对发动机下发间隔预测的问题，研究了发动机性能衰退规律。基于发动机排气温度裕度（EGTM）数据，建立了随机维纳模型，并使用严酷度因子修正模型，表征不同的工作条件对发动机的影响。利用期望最大化（EM）算法结合贝叶斯定理，对模型参数求解，最终得到了基于性能衰退的发动机平均下发间隔。研究结果表明，在严酷度因子为1.2696的使用条件下，某型号航空发动机性能衰退平均下发间隔为8219循环；基于该模型预测的发动机平均下发间隔与厂商建议的下发时间之间的误差仅为1.7%。     

A two-step robust adaptive filtering algorithm for GNSS kinematic precise point positioning

In kinematic navigation and positioning, abnormal observations and kinematic model disturbances are one of the key factors affecting the stability and reliability of positioning performance. Generally, robust adaptive filtering algorithm is used to reduce the influence of them on positioning results. However, it is difficult to accurately identify and separate the influence of abnormal observations and kinematic model disturbances on positioning results, especially in the application of kinematic Precise Point Positioning (PPP). This has always been a key factor limiting the performance of conventional robust adaptive filtering algorithms. To address this problem, this paper proposes a two-step robust adaptive filtering algorithm, which includes two filtering steps: without considering the kinematic model information, the first step of filtering only detects the abnormal observations. Based on the filtering results of the first step, the second step makes further detection on the kinematic model disturbances and conducts adaptive processing. Theoretical analysis and experiment results indicate that the two-step robust adaptive filtering algorithm can further enhance the robustness of the filtering against the influence of abnormal observations and kinematic model disturbances on the positioning results. Ultimately, improvement of the stability and reliability of kinematic PPP is significant.     

Two-stream instability generation in the lunar ionosphere

The Two-stream Instability (TSI) generation is studied analytically in the lunar ionosphere. The TSI is a tiny perturbation in the electron plasma density, due to which an electric field grows with time and this growth is facilitated by the electron plasma in the background. In lunar ionosphere, the TSI comes into existence when the solar wind interacts unhindered with the tenuous lunar electron plasma in the surface bound exosphere. In this study, the conditions which allow the TSI to form and the subsequent instability growth with time i.e. the growth factor, is estimated. Initially, the threshold condition for the TSI to take place is determined. Thereafter, the solar wind and lunar plasma parameter contribution to trigger TSI is investigated along with the effect of these parameters in the evolution of TSI. The plasma TSI evolution with the passage of time is also depicted in phase space diagram with Particle-In-Cell simulations.     

哨兵2卫星综合水质指标的河流水质遥感监测方法

上海市河流水污染监测是当前研究的热点问题。针对上海市河流水质监测的需求,提出了一种基于因子分析的河流综合水质遥感反演的方法。以欧洲航空局发射的哨兵-2A(Sentinel-2A)卫星搭载的多光谱成像仪获取的遥感影像,以及准同步获取的河流断面实测水质参数数据为例,研究对象为上海市青浦区和松江区部分河道。选取高锰酸盐指数、氨氮等5项主要水质参数为监测指标,在因子分析的基础上建立水质遥感反演的模型,得到综合水质指标用于确定水质类别。实验结果表明:综合水质指标值越小,内陆河流水质状况越良好,水体更清洁。该方法能够应用于内陆河流水质遥感监测,为水环境管理部门提供参考信息。     

用于叶片减振的压电材料分布拓扑优化

提出一种可用于实际叶盘结构的压电分支阻尼器拓扑优化方法,可以给出总质量受约束的压电材料在叶片上的最佳分布,达到尽可能大的模态阻尼比。通过理论推导说明:压电阻尼器所产生的模态阻尼比仅取决于模态机电耦合系数,且该系数只与压电材料的几何形状以及模态应力场有关。进一步结合压电本构关系,基于应力分量的线性加权给出了有限的压电材料在叶片上铺设位置“优先级”的判断指标。给出了基于叶盘结构有限元模型的压电材料拓扑优化方法,通过替换单元类型和材料参数的方式对压电材料进行布置,并给出了多模态族优化、极化方向设置、电极铺设等问题的解决方案。在一个接近真实的叶盘模型上应用了此优化方法。结果表明,仅使用质量占叶片质量10%的压电材料,就可以为多个模态提供约12%的阻尼比。      

基于波长控制的光纤陀螺标度因数温度性能提高方法

光纤陀螺的标度因数与光纤环的长度、直径及光源的平均波长有关。在温度条件下，光纤环的长度、直径及光源的平均波长均会发生变化，进而导致光纤陀螺在高低温下的标度因数不同，影响温度环境下的光纤陀螺标度因数的重复性。提出了一种基于光纤陀螺波长控制的标度因数温度性能提高方法，该方法在光源驱动电路的桥式回路中增加了铂电阻组件，从而可自动调节光纤陀螺光源的管芯温度，进而控制光源平均波长的变化，以抵消光纤环有效面积因温度变化而对标度因数产生的影响，提高温度环境下光纤陀螺的标度因数重复性。试验表明，该方法将未补偿情况下光纤陀螺全温范围内的标度因数重复性(1σ)由271×10-6~280×10-6减小到了32.5×10-6~43.5×10-6，标度因数重复性误差减小了84%~88%，并验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于效用价值驱动的旅客出行动力学研究与建模

为了探究交通体系中旅客出行行为的特征与机理，以某机场离港旅客的陆侧出行数据为研究对象，对旅客出行模式进行了统计。分析发现，旅客聚集行为具有强烈的阵发性，不同出行维度旅客群体的聚集时间间隔分布具有幂律特征，且幂指数和阵发性强度呈正相关关系。同时，研究认为旅客出行换乘决策是综合时间、费用、便捷舒适度、突发情况等多因素的期望实现，是一种基于效用价值驱动的人类行为。基于此构建了效用价值驱动模式下的旅客出行行为动力学模型，可输出幂指数为参数可调的幂律分布，且仿真输出和实证数据分析结果相吻合。     

基于改进准则法的复合壳阻尼结构拓扑减振动力学优化

针对复合壳阻尼结构的拓扑减振优化问题，以约束阻尼层的有限单元为设计变量，采用体积比、模态频率和振型为优化约束条件，构建以多模态权重系数的结构模态损耗因子数值关系为优化目标函数的拓扑减振优化模型。为了拓展优化目标灵敏度具有不局限于某一变密度法插值模型的形式，推导了数值表达式的一般函数式。动力学优化中优化目标灵敏度正、负数集共存，使得非凸性的目标函数设计变量出现负值或优化函数寻优于局部极值点。为此，推导出复合壳阻尼结构的全域灵敏度改进优化准则法迭代格，以确保每次迭代域均为全域设计变量集。结合有限单元法编程实现了复合壳阻尼结构改进准则法，并对复合壳结构进行拓扑减振优化分析。结果表明：在敷设体积减为全覆盖的50%时，复合壳结构的模态损耗因子增减偏差为10%，具有提升减振的轻量化设计目的；各阶目标函数和拓扑构型所需的迭代次数少，中间密度区域较小，多阶优于单阶模态优化函数，易于获得全域寻优的有效减振。     

基于类脑模型与深度神经网络的目标检测与跟踪技术研究

目标检测与跟踪技术广泛应用于交通、医疗、安保和航天等领域.目前，目标检测与跟踪技术面临目标微弱、背景复杂、目标被遮挡等挑战.同时，随着脑科学研究的不断深入，人们对人脑视觉系统的理解逐渐透彻，利用类脑计算解决复杂背景下高精度目标检测与跟踪问题成为相关领域的重要研究方向.本文结合神经工程导向的类脑模型和计算机工程导向的深度神经网络(Deep Neural Networks, DNNs)，提出多种基于类脑模型与深度神经网络的目标检测与跟踪算法，包括：基于演算侧抑制的目标检测算法，基于结构 对比度(Structure Contrast, SC)视觉注意模型的弱小目标检测算法和基于记忆机制与分层卷积特征的目标跟踪算法.实验结果表明，将类脑模型和深度神经网络应用于目标检测和跟踪领域，有利于实现复杂条件下的高精度目标检测和鲁棒性目标跟踪.     

Fault mode probability factor based fault-tolerant control for dissimilar redundant actuation system

This paper presents a Fault Mode Probability Factor (FMPF) based Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) strategy for multiple faults of Dissimilar Redundant Actuation System (DRAS) composed of Hydraulic Actuator (HA) and Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (EHA). The long-term service and severe working conditions can result in multiple gradual faults which can ultimately degrade the system performance, resulting in the system model drift into the fault state characterized with parameter uncertainty. The paper proposes to address this problem by using the historical statistics of the multiple gradual faults and the proposed FMPF to amend the system model with parameter uncertainty. To balance the system model precision and computation time, a Moving Window (MW) method is used to determine the applied historical statistics. The FMPF based FTC strategy is developed for the amended system model where the system estimation and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) are updated at the end of system sampling period. The simulations of DRAS system subjected to multiple faults have been performed and the results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.