切向流与偏流相互干扰对穿孔板声阻抗的影响

对切向流和偏流相互干扰如何影响穿孔板声阻抗进行了细致的实验研究,结果表明:切向流削弱了偏流对穿孔板声阻的调控,但在较高偏流速度下,偏流对穿孔板声阻的影响仍起主导作用;此外,不同的偏流方式(吹气或吸气)与切向流干扰对穿孔板声阻抗的影响有明显区别。最后,尝试通过有效流量系数把不同实验条件下的数据关联起来。  

Characterization of an acoustic liner by means of Laser Doppler Velocimetry in a subsonic flow

This paper describes a new experimental approach to acoustic liner characterization in the presence of a grazing flow. The traditional methods of measurement use microphones to determine liner impedance. The in situ method in particular requires the simultaneous use of two microphones. The first is mounted flush with the surface of the liner grazed by the flow and the second is flush-mounted to the rear face of the liner. However, this method is invasive and assumes the reaction of the liner to be independent of the incidence of the waves (locally-reacting liner). The approach suggested here is radically different since Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) is used to measure the acoustic perturbation of velocity, or acoustic velocity. This latter allows us to determine the acoustic displacement, which is the key parameter in Galbrun's linear theory for assessing the perturbation of pressure and the field of active intensity. The wall impedance and the propagation paths of acoustic energy in the presence of the liner may be deduced without any assumption and non-invasively. This approach was applied for characterizing a resistive liner in a test bench specially designed for aeroacoustic measurements, with a 2D LDV system. The flow was turbulent and the measured nominal Mach number was 0.13. The impedance and field of active intensity were then obtained. A comparison was carried out between the new approach and the in situ method using microphones. According to previous theoretical works in the literature and the presented test results, one has to be cautious about the definition of the impedance when performing in-flow acoustic measurements.  

Investigation of straightforward impedance eduction method on single-degree-of-freedom acoustic liners

In order to address the current aircraft noise problem, the knowledge of impedance of acoustic liners subjected to high-intensity sound and grazing flow is of crucial importance to the design of high-efficiency acoustic nacelles. To this end, the present study is twofold. Firstly, the StraightForward impedance eduction Method (SFM) is evaluated by the strategy that the impedance of a liner specimen is firstly experimentally educed on a flow duct using the SFM, and then its accuracy is checked by comparing the numerical prediction with the measured wall sound pressure of the flow duct. Secondly, the effects of grazing flow and high-intensity sound on the impedance behavior of two single-layer liners are investigated based on comparisons between educed impedance and predictions by three impedance models. The performance of the SFM is validated by showing that the educed impedance leads to excellent agreement between the simulation and the measured wall sound pressure for different grazing flow Mach numbers and Sound Pressure Levels (SPLs) and over a frequency range from 3000 Hz down to 500 Hz. The grazing flow effect generally has the tendency that the acoustic resistance exhibits a slight decrease before it increases linearly with an increase in Mach, predicted successfully by the sound-vortex interaction theoretical model and the Kooi semi-empirical impedance model. However, the Goodrich semi-empirical impedance model gives only a simple linear relation of acoustic resistance starting from Mach zero. Additionally, when the SPL increases from 110 to 140 dB in the present investigation, the acoustic resistance exhibits a significant increase at all frequencies in the absence of flow; however, the resistance decreases slightly under a grazing flow of Mach 0.117. It indicates that the SPL effect can be greatly inhibited when flow is present, and the grazing flow effect can be reduced partly as well at a relatively high SPL.  

流管侧向微缝共振器的声学特性

为研究有流动管道侧向微缝共振器的声学特性,基于离散涡方法建立了一个理论模型.管道安装共振器处利用质量和动量守恒建立间断条件,再结合离散涡模型,计算出共振器的声阻抗和吸声系数.数值模拟表明微缝处流场主要取决于脱落涡层的卷起和拍动,这与流场显示实验结果一致,并验证了半经验模型中微缝剪切层的"盖子"假设.结果还表明共振器声阻主要由声压级和切向流速度决定,声抗由背腔深度和面板厚度及末端修正决定.  

基于流管试验的管道声传播预测

通过平板声衬流管试验,测试了管道内无流动和有流动下不同入射声波频率的管道壁面复声压,并基于试验模型与数据分别开展了二维和三维管道声传播预测,将试验测量结果与预测结果进行了对比。结果表明:二维和三维的预测结果非常吻合,尤其是在无流动条件下;在不同流动条件和不同频率下,声传播预测给出了与试验数据较为吻合的结果,壁面声压级的趋势与试验结果一致,基本验证了管道声传播预测模型的准确性;对比不同流动条件和频率点,有流动下预测的壁面声压级的误差比无流动更大,低频下预测的壁面声压级的误差比高频更大。  

基于切向流效应的宽频带穿孔板声衬的研究

对于大孔径穿孔板,减小声质量是实现宽带吸声的关键,而切向流效应可以提高穿孔板声阻、减小声质量,从而实现大孔径穿孔板宽频带吸声.基于上述结论,提出了切向流条件下穿孔板声衬参数的设计原则,并设计了穿孔板消声器实验,实验结果表明:对于大孔径穿孔板,低声质量的通流声衬吸声频带明显宽于无流条件的声衬.这种声衬在航空发动机消声短舱、汽车发动机进排气管道、各种通风管道等存在较大气流环境的消声具有实际意义.  

排气道钛合金环形声衬声学特性试验

根据钛合金蜂窝声衬潜在的应用环境,提出了考虑温度梯度影响的环形声衬消声效果的试验方法并研制了模拟发动机风扇排气道声学试验台,开展了钛合金环形声衬的声学特性试验研究。针对2 500 Hz、2阶周向模态的入射噪声和马赫数为02的切向来流工况,设计并制备了钛合金环形声衬,分别通过管道内声模态测试和远场指向性测试研究钛合金环形声衬的声学特性。试验结果表明:设计的钛合金声衬在目标工况下管道内降噪量为319 dB,远场1 m半径、30°~120°范围内的降噪量都超过20 dB;增加切向流速会扩展降噪频谱带宽,使降噪频谱峰值由低频向高频移动;增加背板温度对降噪频谱带宽几乎没有影响,但会使得降噪频谱峰值由低频向高频移动。