一种圆锥运动条件下的等效旋转矢量算法研究

传统旋转矢量姿态算法一般采用陀螺的角增量信号来构造积分算法,当应用于输出为角速率的光纤陀螺捷联系统时,通过角速率提取角增量,算法会损失一定精度。提出了一种以陀螺角速率信号与角增量信号同时作为输入的改进旋转矢量姿态算法,进一步补偿了圆锥误差,提高了计算精度。仿真结果表明,该算法与传统二子样算法相比较,计算量相当,姿态精度、速度精度、位置精度有大幅度的提升。     

一种小天体旋转参数估计方法

小天体旋转参数是科学数据，也是小天体测绘，着陆导航的基础数据.研究一种在小天体探测接近段过程中使用的基于图像上特征点跟踪和扩展卡尔曼滤波器的小天体旋转参数估计方法.该方法首先建立小天体旋转关系模型，表示小天体在相机坐标系中的姿态变化；然后定义小天体旋转的状态方程，推到了扩展卡尔曼滤波器的计算过程.通过对观测图像序列上的特征点跟踪，利用扩展卡尔曼滤波器方法得到小天体旋转轴指向和自转角速度估计.实验中，在仿真相机与小天体相机100 km距离上，分析了相机坐标系小天体坐标系之间的四元数初值，图像上特征点跟踪精度，相机的观测指向等因素对小天体旋转参数估计精度的影响.实验结果表明，提出的基于图像特征点跟踪和扩展卡尔曼滤波器的小天体旋转参数估计方法能够得到具有较高精度的估计结果.     

The role of motor processes in mental rotation: selective shaping of cognitive processing via specific sensorimotor experience

The involvement of motor processes in mental rotation is experience-dependent: different levels of expertise in sensorimotor interactions lead to different strategies in mental rotation. In the present study, wrestlers, gymnasts, and nonathletes physically rotated objects that were either light (wooden) or heavy (lead) but otherwise having the same sizes and shapes. They then performed a mental rotation task using photographs of these objects in which the material and therefore the weight was visible. I hypothesized that wrestlers would rely more heavily on experience-based sensorimotor strategies in performing mental rotation because during their athletic practice they not only manipulate external “objects” (i.e., their opponent) but also have to plan future actions taking into account past experience of these “objects” (for example their weight). All participants reported that lead objects were harder to physically rotate than wooden ones. However, only wrestlers mentally rotated lead objects more slowly than wooden ones—as they would if they were physically rotating them—suggesting the involvement of motor processes. These findings show that the involvement of motor processes in mental rotation depends on specific rather than mere sensorimotor experience.     

Mechanism of error propagation from the subdaily Universal Time model into the celestial pole offsets estimated by VLBI

Within the analysis of space geodetic observations, errors of the applied subdaily Earth rotation model can induce systematic effects in different estimated parameters. In this paper, we focus on the impact of the subdaily Universal Time (UT1) model on the celestial pole offsets (CPO) estimated from very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations. We provide a mechanism that describes the error propagation from the subdaily UT1 into the daily CPO.In typical 24-h VLBI sessions the observed quasars are well distributed over the sky. But the observations, if looked at from the Earth-fixed frame, are not homogeneously distributed. The amount of observations performed in different terrestrial directions shows an irregularity which can be roughly compared to the case where the observations are collected in only one Earth-fixed direction. This peculiarity leads to artefacts in VLBI solutions, producing a correlation between the subdaily variations in UT1 and the position of the celestial pole. As a result errors in diurnal terms of the subdaily UT1 model are partly compensated by the estimated CPO. We compute for each 24-h VLBI session from 1990 until 2011 the theoretical response of the CPO to an error in the subdaily UT1 by setting up a least-squares adjustment model and using as input the coordinates of the observed quasars and observation epochs. Then real observed response of the estimated CPO derived from the VLBI session solutions is compared to the predicted one. A very good agreement between the CPO values estimated from VLBI and the predicted values was achieved. The presented model of error propagation from the subdaily UT1 into the daily CPO allows to predict and explain the behaviour of CPO estimates of VLBI solutions computed with different subdaily Earth rotation models, what can be helpful for testing the accuracy of different subdaily tidal models.     

锚固站数量及布局对导航星座自主定轨影响分析

针对导航星座自主定轨中的星座整体旋转问题,采用增设少量地面锚固站的方法可有效解决该问题。通过推导星地距离对卫星轨道升交点赤经的偏导数,证明了星地距离对卫星轨道升交点赤经可观。仅考虑在我国大陆范围内布设锚固站的条件下,仿真分析了锚固站数量以及布局对导航星座自主定轨精度的影响。仿真实验结果表明:采用3个以上的锚固站,即可有效控制星座整体旋转,在14d的仿真时段内卫星自主定轨精度保持4m以内;锚固站数量越多,自主定轨精度越高,但随着锚固站数量的增加,自主定轨精度改善程度越来越小;在保持4个锚固站的情形下,采用不同的锚固站布局方案,自主定轨精度并无明显差别。     

开放式座舱显示系统关键技术研究与实现

随着综合化航空电子技术的发展,众多的航空电子设备被开发出来,如何使用一个统一的、开放的显示通信接口变得尤为重要。ARINC661作为一个标准,对座舱显示系统和用户应用系统进行了定义并规范化,对模块化的航空电子系统的开发具有重要的意义。基于ARINC661规范,分析研究了开放式CDS（Cockpit Display System）结构,对开放式CDS系统中的窗体部件串行化、ARINC661指令层实现、坐标系统与部件渲染等关键技术进行了研究,并通过模拟的座舱显示系统进行了实验验证,证明研究所取得的成果是可行的。     

双向旋转变喉面流量调节阀热应力分析

以ANSYS软件为工具,时均化N-S方程、RNGkε-湍流模型和傅里叶热传导模型为基础,建立三维面对称纯气相流动和固体热传导模型;采用流固耦合的方法,设置流场和固体区域交界面为热耦合面,分析了喷管内流场特性和喷管体与轴阀固体区域的温度、应力分布。结果表明在喷管喉部圆柱段的温度最高,调节阀的等效喉部段和等效扩张段出现了应力集中的现象,两者都随轴阀转角的增加、工作时间的延长而增大。     

带旋转修正的弹簧-TFI混合动网格方法

网格存在大变形时,传统的超限插值(TFI)动网格方法易于引起网格正交性问题.依据几何关系并考虑其插值特点,提出了一种带旋转修正的TFI动网格方法.对结构网格块进行分块,在子块角点间建立弹簧元,并基于弹簧类比法计算角点位移;子网格内部结点位移采用修正后的TFI动网格方法进行计算,从而形成具有弹簧-TFI混合特征的动网格新...     

控制力矩陀螺轴承组件摩擦力矩特性研究

控制力矩陀螺轴承组件是空间飞行器姿态控制系统的核心部件，其轴承的性能直接影响着空间飞行器姿态控制系统的控制精度和使用寿命，甚至危及空间飞行器安全.对于控制力矩陀螺轴承组件，轴承摩擦力矩大小及其波动性是轴承的关键性能指标，针对空间飞行器控制力矩陀螺轴承组件，在滚动轴承摩擦学和动力学基础上，建立六自由度控制力矩陀螺轴承组件非线性动力学微分方程组，并采用预估 校正的GSTIFF(Gear stiff)变步长积分算法进行求解，对其在有/无重力的工作环境、公 自转工况、轴承预紧力以及保持架兜孔间隙对轴承摩擦力矩幅值及其波动性的影响进行分析.分析结果表明：预紧力对轴承组件摩擦力矩影响显著，预紧力过大或过小都不利于降低摩擦力矩及其波动性，对于本文分析的轴承组件最佳预紧力为50~55N；保持架稳定性受重力影响显著，无重力时自转工况下保持架较稳定；过小的兜孔间隙会使摩擦力矩增大，过大的兜孔间隙会使摩擦力矩波动性增大，存在最优兜孔间隙使得摩擦力矩及其波动性都较小，针对本文分析型号的轴承组件，间隙比应控制在0.6~0.8之间.     

双轴连续旋转调制捷联惯导系统大失准角初始对准技术

由于可以补偿惯性器件在三个轴向上的输出误差，双轴旋转调制技术被广泛应用于捷联惯导系统(SINS)。选择了一种合理且实用的十六次序双轴转位方案，并对其调制原理和误差进行了分析。初始对准技术是捷联惯导系统的一项重要技术，其对准精度直接决定了后续导航的精度。在粗对准完成后，当姿态误差角较大时，后续的精对准误差模型呈非线性特性，故选择了滤波精度高、稳定性强的平方根容积Kalman滤波算法(SCKF)来解决这一问题。考虑到在实际对准过程中，量测噪声的统计特性易发生变化，将SCKF算法与Sage-Husa算法相结合，在传统Sage-Husa SCKF算法的基础上提出了一种改进的自适应滤波算法(ASCKF)。该算法采用QR分解来完成对噪声协方差的平方根矩阵估计，从而避免了传统Sage-Husa SCKF算法中所估噪声协方差矩阵不正定的问题。最后，通过仿真证实了ASCKF算法可被很好地应用于量测噪声统计特性发生变化的初始对准中。