基于CFD高精度算法的雷电电磁场研究

雷电空间电磁场一直是电磁领域研究的热门，成熟的算法例如有限时域差分法（FDTD），传输线矩阵法（TLM）以及频域的矩量法（MoM）在计算雷电问题方面都有广泛的应用。由于计算流体力学（CFD）中的Euler方程与电磁学中的Maxwell方程有着相同的守恒形式，而且采用间断伽辽金方法（DG）已经在流场问题上得到广泛的尝试，因此引入了基于计算流体力学的DG方法来离散时域Maxwell方程，并采用网格分区并行技术加速计算，使用基于DG的圆球雷达散射截面积（RCS）算例进行测试，数值结果一致表明DG算法在求解电磁场问题上的可行性，之后通过计算一段近场雷电通道的电场分布并与解析解、某算法仿真解对比，数据基本吻合，说明该方法适合于雷电电磁场的计算。     

Effects of wing flexibility on aerodynamic performance of an aircraft model

The low-speed wind tunnel experiment is carried out on a simplified aircraft model to explore the influence of wing flexibility on the aircraft aerodynamic performance. The investigation involves the measurements of force, membrane deformation and velocity field at Reynolds number of 5.4 × 10⁴–1.1 × 10⁵. In the lift curves, two peaks are observed. The first peak, corresponding to the stall, is sensitive to the wing flexibility much more than the second peak, which nearly keeps constant. For the optimal case, in comparison with the rigid wing model, the delayed stall of nearly 5° is achieved, and the relative lift increment is about 90%. It is revealed that the lift enhanced region corresponds to the larger deformation and stronger vibration, which leads to stronger flow mixing near the flexible wing surface. Thereby, the leading-edge separation is suppressed, and the aerodynamic performance is improved significantly. Furthermore, the effects of sweep angle and Reynolds number on the aerodynamic characteristics of flexible wing are also presented.     

高精度盘式永磁电机温度分析与研究

以高精度无槽盘式永磁电机为研究对象,建立了电机三维电磁仿真模型。详细分析了该电机反电动势和转矩特性,避免由高次谐波引起的定、转子及永磁体涡流损耗,有效改善了电机的热性能,为进一步研究打下基础。建立了三维温度场仿真模型,分析了热源分布和传热过程,计算了电机在自然散热条件下温度的稳态分布。最后通过电机温升试验,验证了理论分析的正确性与合理性。     

基于变马赫数的五孔探针三维插值方法

探讨了五孔探针气动数据的插值方法,为提高插值精度,开发了基于传统线性插值法的三维线性插值法。该方法把同一探针在不同马赫数下的校准图形成三维数据库,将实验数据通过三维图进行插值。并使用改进前后的两种插值方法分别对校准风洞测得的数据进行整理,对比结果证明:在实验工况连续变化的情况下,三维线性插值法在插值精度上要优于传统线性插值法。特别是在来流马赫数变化较大时,该方法可以改善单一校准文件处理造成的数据精度问题,可用于自动化流场采集系统,为流场高速高精度采集奠定基础。     

基于空间两点的视觉自主着陆导引算法设计

为提高无人机着陆效率，从着陆速度向量场和导引律设计两方面研究改进。首先，基于椭圆设计速度向量场，实现飞行路程更短、机动性能要求更低的着陆轨迹。然后，基于像素坐标系与机体坐标系的关系，设计无人机的航迹方位角指令；以椭圆切线方向为参考，结合合作矢量特征，设计航迹倾斜角指令；利用图像信息，设计速度大小指令。最后，理论比较了传统轨迹与提出轨迹对方向机动性性能的要求，给出了轨迹参数与无人机方向机动性性能的关系。利用Simulink搭建系统仿真平台，计算满足要求的合作矢量特征。结果表明，无人机以曲线轨迹准确软着陆到目标，满足实际运用的需要。      

相位检测误差对核磁共振陀螺输出频率的影响

针对核磁共振陀螺中采用相位检测方案时可能引起额外频率误差的问题,提出了通过控制电子顺磁共振失谐量及静磁场扰动来抑制额外频率误差的方案。基于Bloch方程,推导了惰性气体原子系综输出频率的表达式,并将相位检测的过程包含在内。建立了考虑相位检测误差的核磁共振陀螺频率误差方程,给出了相位检测引入的额外频率误差表达式并进行了数值仿真。仿真结果表明,通过设定合适的共振失谐量,其额外频率误差至少可以抑制1个数量级,而通过精确地抑制静磁场的一阶及二阶扰动,可以进一步抑制1～3个数量级,将额外频率误差降低到nHz量级。     

液浮惯性仪表温度场的仿真分析

液浮惯性仪表精度跟温度场有关联，温度分布不均匀和温度波动都会对仪表精度产生影响，因此研究液浮惯性仪表内部的温度场分布尤为重要。利用有限元方法对液浮惯性仪表进行温度场仿真计算，根据仪表的结构特点合理的设置了测温点，通过试验的方法提取了特征点的温度值，验证了仿真结果的正确性，为液浮惯性仪表的热设计提供了基础参数。     

基于低频磁信标的全天时自主定位方法

由于以GPS、北斗为代表的GNSS信号容易受到天气和位置的影响,单纯使用GNSS在某些条件下会有较大的定位误差,甚至无法提供定位服务。针对这种情况研究了基于低频磁信标的自主定位方法,分析了电磁学中的毕奥-萨伐尔定律等原理,建立了基于低频磁信标定位的系统模型,给出了分离式双信标定位方法。通过实验分析了信标安装的误差特性,最后通过仿真和实际实验验证了该定位方法的有效性,对于室内机器人导航、地下生物探索、水下跟踪定位等单独采用GNSS定位影响较大的场景下的自主定位与导航具有重要的工程应用价值。     

双馈异步风力发电机气隙偏心故障诊断研究现状与发展

双馈异步风力发电机(DFIG)机械故障在实际运行中尤其不可忽略,不论是转子刚度不足还是轴承磨损或安装误差,都会导致气隙偏心,严重时甚至会烧毁电机,因此对风机进行准确高效的气隙偏心故障诊断至关重要。简单介绍DFIG产生气隙偏心的故障机理,再对当前已有的相关故障诊断方法做重点归类阐述,最后展望未来的DFIG气隙偏心故障诊断方法的发展趋势和方向。     

Fundamental (f) oscillations in a magnetically coupled solar interior-atmosphere system – An analytical approach

Solar fundamental (f) acoustic mode oscillations are investigated analytically in a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model. The model consists of three layers in planar geometry, representing the solar interior, the magnetic atmosphere, and a transitional layer sandwiched between them. Since we focus on the fundamental mode here, we assume the plasma is incompressible. A horizontal, canopy-like, magnetic field is introduced to the atmosphere, in which degenerated slow MHD waves can exist. The global (f-mode) oscillations can couple to local atmospheric Alfvén waves, resulting, e.g., in a frequency shift of the oscillations. The dispersion relation of the global oscillation mode is derived, and is solved analytically for the thin-transitional layer approximation and for the weak-field approximation. Analytical formulae are also provided for the frequency shifts due to the presence of a thin transitional layer and a weak atmospheric magnetic field. The analytical results generally indicate that, compared to the fundamental value ($\omega =\sqrt{\mathit{gk}}$), the mode frequency is reduced by the presence of an atmosphere by a few per cent. A thin transitional layer reduces the eigen-frequencies further by about an additional hundred microhertz. Finally, a weak atmospheric magnetic field can slightly, by a few percent, increase the frequency of the eigen-mode. Stronger magnetic fields, however, can increase the f-mode frequency by even up to ten per cent, which cannot be seen in observed data. The presence of a magnetic atmosphere in the three-layer model also introduces non-permitted propagation windows in the frequency spectrum; here, f-mode oscillations cannot exist with certain values of the harmonic degree. The eigen-frequencies can be sensitive to the background physical parameters, such as an atmospheric density scale-height or the rate of the plasma density drop at the photosphere. Such information, if ever observed with high-resolution instrumentation and inverted, could help to gain further insight into solar magnetic structures by means of solar magneto-seismology, and could provide further insight into the role of magnetism in solar oscillations.