不同舵翼操纵面形式的水动力及艇后流场特性数值模拟研究

为研究共翼型舵和非共翼型舵两种操纵面形式的艇后流场特性及螺旋桨推进特性，基于SST(Menter)湍流模型建立了SUBOFF标准潜艇模型尾流场数值预报模型。经试验结果验证，所建立数值模型进行潜艇尾流场及螺旋桨推进性能预报具有较高精度。将SUBOFF潜艇模型的水平舵改进为共翼型舵及非共翼型舵，对艇后流场及水动力性能进行了预报。数值结果表明：在舵角小于10°时，共翼型舵使潜艇的俯仰力矩和垂向力相对非共翼型舵提升20%以上；在舵角超过10°时，共翼型舵的水动力优势随着舵角增大而减小。尾部流场预报显示：共翼型舵在小舵角时可以有效的消除舵翼结合处的涡流，同时共翼型舵可以有效的降低桨盘面伴流的不均匀性，对尾流品质的改善效果优于非共翼型舵。螺旋桨计算结果显示：共翼型舵螺旋桨推进系数在大部分舵角下都小于非共翼型舵，在舵角为20°时，共翼型舵相对非共翼型舵推力系数下降3.5%，扭矩系数下降2.4%；同时共翼型舵的桨盘面流场均匀度要优于非共翼型舵，舵角为5°时，共翼型舵桨盘面处流场不均匀度相对于非共翼型舵要降低7.1%，舵角为25°时则降低25.1%。     

A multi-stage regulation strategy of space manipulators with a free-swinging joint failure

To ensure tasks can be completed after a free-swinging joint failure occurs, a multi-stage regulation strategy of space manipulators is proposed. Considering all terms of the dynamics equation, an evaluation model of the regulation ability (EMRA) of active joints over the fault joint is established based on the fuzzy entropy. And then a multi-stage regulation strategy based on the EMRA is designed to regulate the fault joint. The strategy divides the regulation process into several stages, and select a certain active joint to regulative the fault joint in every stage. With this multi-stage regulation strategy, the fault joint can be regulated to the desired angle without huge torque on regulative joints. The simulation is carried out with a 7-DOF space manipulator, verifying the correctness and effectiveness of the multi-stage regulation strategy. The strategy has three advantages: Coriolis and centrifugal terms are both considered for the first time in selecting the regulative joint, making the selection result more in line with the actual regulation process; The influence of the model uncertainty is eliminated in establishing the EMRA, making the evaluation of regulative ability more precise; The fault joint is successfully regulated to the desired angle without huge torque on regulative joints.     

基于有向图模型的民机航空电子系统故障诊断

结合民机航电系统外场可更换单元或模块（LRU/LRM）的故障模式及影响分析（FMEA）、故障树 分析和实时性要求，设计了基于时间故障传播图（TFPG）的系统故障诊断元模型和领域模型，研究了基于逻 辑和时间一致性检验的故障诊断算法，使用后向推理和可信度度量列出候选故障集。以飞行管理系统为例，构 造了其功能失效的TFPG 模型，并通过仿真验证了基于TFPG 的诊断在滤除级联效应和关联驾驶舱效应中的有 效性。     

Time delay compensation in lateral-directional flight control systems at high angles of attack

The previous studies of time delay compensation in flight control systems are all based on the conventional aerodynamic derivative model and conducted in longitudinal motions at low angles of attack. In this investigation, the effects of time delay on the lateral-directional stability augmentation system in high-α regime are discussed based on the $\dot{\beta }$ model, which is proposed in our previous work and proved as a more accurate aerodynamic model to reveal the lateral-directional unsteady aerodynamic characteristics at high angles of attack. Both the $\dot{\beta }$ model and the quasi-steady model are used for simulating the effects of time delay on the flying qualities in high-α maneuvers. The comparison between the simulation results shows that the flying qualities are much more sensitive to the mismatch of feedback gains than the state errors caused by time delay. Then a typical adaptive controller based on the conventional dynamic derivative model and a gain-prediction compensator based on $\dot{\beta }$ model are designed to address the time delay in different maneuvers. The simulation results show that the gain-prediction compensator is much simpler and more efficient at high angles of attack. Finally, the gain-prediction compensator is combined with a linearized $\dot{\beta }$ model reference adaptive controller to compensate the adverse effects of very large time delay, which exhibits excellent performance when addressing the extreme conditions at high angles of attack.     

不同壁温及差分格式下超燃冲压发动机的仿真

针对圆截面超燃冲压发动机相关实验进行数值仿真，采用了不同的壁面温度条件和差分格式，并探究其对仿真结果的影响规律。结果表明采用常用的绝热壁面边界条件会导致激波边界层交互位置处的回流区变大，进而导致流道收缩，壁面压力升高。采用高精度格式不仅不能更为精确地计算回流区的大小，反而会使回流区面积变得更大。通过改变壁面边界条件，采用300 K的等温壁面，可以使激波边界层交互位置处的回流区变得极小，使仿真结果与实验结果十分吻合。计算结果表明，针对当前构型与实验条件，盲目提高数值格式的精度并不一定会得到更好的结果，相反可能会使仿真与实验更加偏离，而适当修改壁面温度条件，即使数值格式精度较低，仍然可以得到很好的仿真结果。最后，针对与实验结果吻合的仿真结果，分析了圆截面超燃冲压发动机的流场特性，重点研究了凹腔剪切层及其质量交换特性。     

几何尺寸约束的超燃冲压发动机推力喷管设计

针对机体/推进系统一体化要求，提出了一种几何尺寸约束的超燃冲压发动机推力喷管设计方法，以实现在满足几何约束条件下优化喷管的气动性能。采用数值模拟对提出的设计方法展开了研究，在此过程中，首先校核了数值方法有效性并确定了网格分辨率。进一步就喷管设计过程中2个关键设计因子——比例因子和非对称因子开展了影响研究。最后为验证本文提出的设计方法的有效性和优越性，将其与典型截短设计方法进行对比分析。结果表明，相比截短方法，本文提出的设计方法不仅能够获得满足几何约束的喷管，同时可使喷管推力系数、升力和俯仰力矩分别提升33.36%、265.75%和37.21%。此外，本文提出的设计方法还可以通过调整设计因子来获得不同气动性能的喷管，进而满足应用过程中的实际需求。     

Kalman弹道滤波器的快速收敛性研究

在弹道修正过程中，需根据一段实测弹道参数，准确地估算常规弹箭的飞行弹道。工程中，常应用Kalman滤波方法，结合质点弹道模型建立六状态滤波弹道模型。速度初值估计的准确性，是对滤波过程造成影响的主要因素。为改善这一状况，采用多项式拟合用以对速度状态进行估计并以此作为滤波初始值。在此种估计下滤波，速度滤波过程可快速收敛，位置滤波过程收敛速度大幅度提高，可使最优弹道诸元参数获取时间缩短30%。     

半球谐振陀螺发展综述

首先阐述了半球谐振陀螺工作原理及技术优势，后着重对其在美国、俄罗斯、法国的发展历程、应用场景、技术发展、精度指标及进行了综述，同时概述了国内的发展历程、现阶段达到水平。其后，针对海上领域武器系统的特点及需求，在借鉴国外已有应用的基础上，论述半球谐振陀螺在海上应用的可能性及优势。最后对半球谐振陀螺的未来发展进行了展望。     

航天器视场遮挡分析方法研究

敏感器视场遮挡分析是航天器构型布局设计的重要组成部分，针对大型在轨变构型航天器敏感器视场遮挡分析工作量大、出错率高、遮挡率无法量化等特点，本文提出一种基于敏感器第一视角的视场遮挡快速分析方法。该方法通过设置第一视角图像蒙版及图像映射，模拟方锥形、圆锥形、球形等各类敏感器视场，通过逐个像素比对，计算视场遮挡率和遮挡方位。使用此方法建立了空间站敏感器视场遮挡分析系统，结果表明新方法能够显著提高视场遮挡分析效率和准确率，并且为机构类部件运动过程对敏感器视场遮挡的分析提供了有效工具。