北斗空间信号误差统计特征及描述方法研究

通过对比北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System,BDS)广播星历与事后精密星历,提取了轨道和卫星时钟误差。基于北斗轨道误差及北斗卫星时钟误差统计特征分析,构建区别于全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)的BDS空间信号用户测距误差(Signal-In-Space User Range Error,SISRE)描述方法,对BDS广播星历中用户测距精度(User Range Accuracy,URA)进行了验证。6个月的北斗数据测试结果表明,北斗GEO、IGSO和MEO卫星的URA分别为3.0m、1.9m和1.6m。     

Evaluation of a regional real-time precise positioning system based on GPS/BeiDou observations in Australia

The performance of real-time (RT) precise positioning can be improved by utilizing observations from multiple Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) instead of one particular system. Since the end of 2012, BeiDou, independently established by China, began to provide operational services for users in the Asia-Pacific regions. In this study, a regional RT precise positioning system is developed to evaluate the performance of GPS/BeiDou observations in Australia in providing high precision positioning services for users. Fixing three hourly updated satellite orbits, RT correction messages are generated and broadcasted by processing RT observation/navigation data streams from the national network of GNSS Continuously Operating Reference Stations in Australia (AUSCORS) at the server side. At the user side, RT PPP is realized by processing RT data streams and the RT correction messages received. RT clock offsets, for which the accuracy reached 0.07 and 0.28?ns for GPS and BeiDou, respectively, can be determined. Based on these corrections, an accuracy of 12.2, 30.0 and 45.6?cm in the North, East and Up directions was achieved for the BeiDou-only solution after 30 min while the GPS-only solution reached 5.1, 15.3 and 15.5?cm for the same components at the same time. A further improvement of 43.7, 36.9 and 45.0 percent in the three directions, respectively, was achieved for the combined GPS/BeiDou solution. After the initialization process, the North, East and Up positioning accuracies were 5.2, 8.1 and 17.8?cm, respectively, for the BeiDou-only solution, while 1.5, 3.0, and 4.7?cm for the GPS-only solution. However, we only noticed a 20.9% improvement in the East direction was obtained for the GPS/BeiDou solution, while no improvements in the other directions were detected. It is expected that such improvements may become bigger with the increasing accuracy of the BeiDou-only solution.     

原子传感用垂直腔面发射激光器研究进展

垂直腔面发射激光器(Vertical-cavity Surface-emitting Laser,VCSEL)是半导体激光器家族中的最重要成员之一,因其具有单纵模、低功耗、光束易整形等一系列独特优势,是多种微型化原子传感器的理想光源。围绕原子传感这一应用需求,国内外多个科研机构和企业对Rb原子和Cs原子传感用VCSEL开展了不同层次的研究,主要对其中的代表性研究进展进行综述。     

双向比对高精度物理时间同步方法

提出一种面向未来卫星在轨应用的闭环物理高精度时间同步方法。比较了所提方法与其他时间同步方法的区别与优势，建立了远程系统时间同步基本模型与误差传递模型，基于双向测距和时间传递技术分析了高精度钟差获取原理，给出了时钟调整环路的时域频域参数依赖关系。完成了高精度时间同步地面试验系统构建，测试了开环非调钟状态下钟差测量精度误差、闭环调钟状态下时间同步准确度误差以及长时运行情况下的时间同步监测结果。测试结果表明，该方法能够实现优于1 ns量级的时间同步，为高精度时间同步技术研究提供了新的途径。     

FPGA设计中的亚稳态问题及其预防方法研究

由于在复杂FPGA（Field Programmable Gate Array,现场可编程门阵列）设计中存在跨时钟域,通常会产生亚稳态现象.为有效地预防和解决该问题,分析FPGA设计中亚稳态的产生机理及其对数字信号处理系统的影响.根据不同的信号同步类型,针对单比特电平信号、脉冲信号和边沿信号,分别给出基于触发器级联的跨时钟域信号同步方法;针对并行信号,提出基于异步FIFO （First In First Out,先进先出队列）和握手协议的跨时钟域同步方法;并通过仿真手段分析信号同步方法的有效性及其适用范围.结果表明：这些方法能够正确有效地完成跨时钟域信号同步,预防可能出现的亚稳态问题,从而提高复杂FPGA设计的可靠性和稳定性.     

介质振荡器的设计

为了实现微型化相干布局囚禁（CPT）原子钟,需要设计出小体积、低功耗的微波电路。本文介绍了利用介质振荡器（DRO）实现的适合微型CPT原子钟的微波电路,首先利用ADS（Advanced Design System）软件实现了介质振荡器的仿真,然后根据仿真结果设计并实现了振荡器电路,测试结果表明：输出微波频率为3.4GHz、功率为-4dBm、功耗为37mW。     

Compact frequency standard using atoms trapped on a chip

We present a compact atomic frequency standard based on the interrogation of magnetically trapped ⁸⁷Rb atoms. Two photons, in the microwave and radiofrequency domain excite the atomic transition. At a magnetic field of 3.23 G this transition from ∣F = 1, m_F = −1〉 to ∣F = 2, m_F = 1〉 is 1st order insensitive to magnetic field variations. Long Ramsey interrogation times can thus be achieved, leading to a projected stability in the low 10⁻¹³ at 1 s. This makes this device a viable alternative to LITE and HORACE as a good candidate for replacing or complementing the rubidium frequency standards and passive hydrogen masers already on board of the GPS, GLONASS, and GALILEO satellites. Here we present preliminary results. We use an atom chip to cool and trap the atoms. A coplanar waveguide is integrated to the chip to carry the Ramsey interrogation signal, making the physics package potentially as small as (5 cm)³. We describe the experimental apparatus and show preliminary Ramsey fringes of 1.25 Hz linewidth. We also show a preliminary frequency stability σ_y = 1.5 × 10⁻¹²τ^−1/2 for 10 < τ < 10³ s. This represents one order of magnitude improvement with respect to previous experiments.     

GPS不完整星座定位方法研究

为了提高钟差预测模型辅助接收机定位解算的效果,从灰色系统的角度对接收机钟差序列进行探讨,提出了基于灰色理论的钟差预测模型.文中首先给出了新模型的基本思想和具体实现步骤,然后将基于该模型的钟差预测值引入到GPS接收机中,辅助接收机在不完整星座条件下实现定位解算.基于GPS实测数据的验证分析表明,新模型不仅对钟差序列具有很好的预测效果;而且提高了接收机定位的连续性和可靠性,在仅有3颗卫星的条件下可以实现三维定位.同时,新方法无需增加额外设备,辅助方式简单方便,经济灵活.     

聚酰亚胺/无机氧化物复合薄膜的制备与耐原子氧性能

分别以锆酸四丁酯、钛酸四丁酯和正硅酸乙酯为氧化物前驱体,利用溶胶凝胶法制备了一系列聚酰亚胺/无机氧化物复合薄膜,在原子氧地面模拟设备中进行了原子氧暴露实验,原子氧累计通量约为3.1×10²⁰ atom/cm².分别考察了无机氧化物种类和含量对复合薄膜力学性能和耐原子氧性能的影响.结果表明,无机氧化物在聚酰亚胺基体中的分散形态对其力学性能影响很大;原子氧暴露后,聚酰亚胺薄膜表面分别形成了富锆、富钛和富硅的保护层,质量损失率减小,耐原子氧性能明显提高.     

含钟差修正的脉冲星和太阳观测组合导航

为提高深空探测器巡航段的导航定位精度和钟差修正能力,提出一种利用X射线脉冲星和太阳观测信息的组合导航方法.利用脉冲星导航的脉冲到达时间测量值,同时利用太阳敏感器、分光计分别测量太阳视线矢量和探测器相对于太阳的径向速度,并将星载时钟钟差增广为状态变量,构建组合导航系统,利用基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的UD(Upper triangular matrix-Diagonal matrix)分解信息融合算法进行状态估计.仿真结果表明,该方法能有效解决因钟差漂移引起的导航滤波发散问题,同脉冲星导航相比,该方法提高了定位精度和钟差修正能力.