对转压气机外伸激波对叶顶泄漏流影响

摘要:为了揭示对转压气机下游转子外伸激波对上游转子泄漏流的影响规律,针对上游转子叶顶间隙分别为0.2、0.5、0.8 mm的对转压气机开展了非定常数值模拟研究。研究发现:受下游转子外伸激波掠扫影响,上游转子尾缘附近压力面会形成弱压缩波,且随上游转子泄漏流增强而逐渐减弱;而该外伸激波在上游转子尾缘附近吸力面,会形成与型线切向相垂直的较强压缩波,且其位置基本不受叶顶间隙大小影响;外伸激波使上游转子尾缘附近吸、压力面压差增大,叶顶泄漏流增强,进而导致其损失增大;随着叶顶间隙增大,上游转子叶尖区弦长前半段压力波动的频率,由通道激波转为叶顶泄漏流主导,且呈现减小的趋势,而弦长后半段压力波动的频率主要由外伸激波主导,且基本不变。      

折叠式变体飞行器轨迹优化及控制分析

针对临近空间高超声速飞行器存在的问题，设计了一种折叠翼飞行器，可以通过折叠机翼来适应各种飞行状态，保持最优的气动特性。并针对临近空间滑翔式高超声速的特点，采用高斯伪谱法对固定翼飞行器和折叠翼飞行器的轨迹优化，通过将折叠翼飞行器与传统固定翼飞行器在射程能力、规避热流能力方面进行对比，提出了一种综合目标的轨迹优化思想。设计的折叠翼飞行器相比传统固定翼飞行器性能更加优越，更适合临近空间环境，提高了17.67%的航程，减少了热流率峰值的35.72%，并通过控制系统的设计和仿真加以验证，仿真结果表明变体飞行器机动能力相比固定翼飞行器有了显著的提高。     

扩压叶栅叶尖非定常流动的涡动力学机理

为了揭示压气机叶尖区旋涡结构与流动非定常性之间的关联，采用URANS对一亚声速平面扩压叶栅在不同攻角下的流场进行了求解，并借助Q判据提取了叶尖瞬态涡系结构。结果表明：泄漏涡的破碎现象能够通过诱导新的涡结构间接作用于相邻通道的叶尖流动，是导致叶尖流场失稳的关键因素。在-0.3°和+0.7°攻角下，叶尖泄漏涡发生了螺旋破碎，并伴随有非定常诱导涡的出现，诱导涡对相邻叶片载荷的影响使得叶尖泄漏涡发生周期性摆动；在+1.7°攻角下，泄漏涡破碎会导致反流涡的形成，反流涡的输运会给叶片载荷和来流攻角带来非定常扰动，反过来又会作用于泄漏涡的破碎和反流涡的生成，最终表现为一种自维持的非定常流动现象。     

Sliding mode control design for oblique wing aircraft in wing skewing process

When the wing of Oblique Wing Aircraft (OWA) is skewed, the center of gravity, inertia and aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft all significantly change, causing an undesirable flight dynamic response, affecting the flying qualities, and even endangering the flight safety. In this study, the dynamic response of an OWA in the wing skewing process is simulated, showing that the three-axis movements of the OWA are highly coupled and present nonlinear characteristics during the wing skewing. As the roll control efficiency of the aileron decreases due to the shortened control arm in an oblique configuration, the all-moving horizontal tail is used for additional roll and the control allocation is performed based on minimum control energy. Given the properties of pitch-roll-yaw coupling and control input and state coupling, and the difficulty of establishing an accurate aerodynamic model in the wing skewing process due to unsteady aerodynamic force, a multi-loop sliding mode controller is formulated by the time-scale separation method. The closed-loop simulation results show that the asymmetric aerodynamics can be balanced and that the velocity and altitude of the aircraft maintain stable, which means that a smooth transition is obtained during the OWA’s wing skewing.     

Flow separation control on swept wing with nanosecond pulse driven DBD plasma actuators

A 15° swept wing with dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator is designed.Experimental study of flow separation control with nanosecond pulsed plasma actuation is performed at flow velocity up to 40 m/s. The effects of the actuation frequency and voltage on the aerodynamic performance of the swept wing are evaluated by the balanced force and pressure measurements in the wind tunnel. At last, the performances on separation flow control of the three types of actuators with plane and saw-toothed exposed electrodes are compared. The optimal actuation frequency for the flow separation control on the swept wing is detected, namely the reduced frequency is 0.775, which is different from 2-D airfoil separation control. There exists a threshold voltage for the low swept wing flow control. Before the threshold voltage, as the actuation voltage increases, the control effects become better. The maximum lift is increased by 23.1% with the drag decreased by 22.4% at 14°, compared with the base line. However, the best effects are obtained on actuator with plane exposed electrode in the low-speed experiment and the abilities of saw-toothed actuators are expected to be verified under high-speed conditions.     

三维数模随动下的机翼结构重量优化

目前,基于快速建模下的重量重心估算系统得到了快速发展。为了进一步提高结构重量估算精度,研究了如何在重量重心快速分析(WCGA)系统环境中构建优化模块。以机翼结构重量优化为例,提出优化流程,对优化模块功能进行分解,给出模型简化要求。以A320飞机机翼为例,对梁和长桁进行优化,结果显示,经过优化,有效减轻了结构重量,且相比于传统的减重优化设计方法,极大提高了计算效率。     

基于LQG/LTR的飞翼飞机阵风减缓系统研究

根据我国《运输类飞机适航标准》的要求,采用有理谱逼近的方法建立了Von Karman大气紊流的数值仿真模型;详细推导了多变量系统鲁棒性的衡量方法,给出了开环系统奇异值曲线形状与闭环系统鲁棒性的关系;针对飞翼飞机多操纵面的特点,将控制分配技术与LQG/LTR控制器结合在一起,同时兼顾了对飞机过载和翼根弯矩的减缓。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制系统在对飞机过载减缓的同时,也对机翼的翼根弯矩进行了有效的减缓。     

基于AFAS 软件的机翼壁板耐久性分析及试验验证

随着航空工业的发展,对机翼壁板耐久性分析的精确性及计算速度的要求日益提高,必须考虑从手工计算到程序计算的转变。飞机结构耐久性分析软件系统(AFAS)是为了满足飞机结构耐久性分析的工程实际使用要求而编制的。本文介绍采用该软件中包含的DFR方法计算程序对机翼壁板结构进行耐久性分析的过程,并进行试验验证,分析得到的机翼壁板结构具有95%置信度、95%可靠度的可靠性寿命与试验统计结果非常相近,证明AFAS是一个可以进行耐久性分析的快速准确的计算工具。     

机翼顶起设计解析

飞机全机顶起是飞机维护时必不可少的操作程序,其中机翼顶起是全机顶起的一个重要组成部分。机翼顶起设计包括两个方面内容,即顶垫设计和机翼千斤顶选型。顶垫设计与顶起点结构设计、机翼千斤顶选型是联合设计、相互影响的。     

基于叶尖定时的叶片耦合振动参数辨识与仿真

为了实时掌握叶片振动情况、预防故障发生,目前最常用的非接触振动测量方法是基于单自由度模型的叶尖定时法,但当叶片耦合振动时2个振动峰相隔很近,该方法无法同时识别出其振动参数。采用基于2自由度模型的曲线拟合方法,得到叶片耦合振动2个峰的初始相位等参数,用相位遍历法辨识出叶片的振动阶次和频率。结果表明:采用基于2自由度模型的曲线拟合方法提高了叶片耦合振动参数辨识的精度,辨识了相邻2个峰的振动参数。辨识振动与仿真参数设置基本一致。