A user-friendly yield criterion for metals exhibiting tension-compression asymmetry

The aim of this paper is to model the yielding asymmetry of pressure-insensitive metals, including but not limited to Ni₃Al alloys. The main focuses are put on the flexibility and manipulative convenience. The parameters of theory are kept to a minimum and can be determined by as few tests as possible. These requirements are fulfilled by constructing a yield function using the second and third-invariants of a linearly transformed stress tensor. The proposed yield criterion has a simple mathematical form and has only seven parameters when used in three-dimensional stresses. Compared with existing theories, the new yield criterion has much fewer parameters, which makes it very convenient for practical applications. The coefficients of the criterion are identified by an error minimization procedure. Applications to a Ni₃Al based intermetallic alloy as well as a Cu-Al-Be shape memory alloy and comparison to other criteria show that the proposed criterion has nearly the same predictive ability and flexibility with other criteria. The proposed yield criterion can estimate the coefficients by using less data, which is a big advantage compared with other similar theories, especially when there is a limited number of experimental data.     

Observation of the north-south asymmetry in the equatorial spread F intensity at the Brazilian longitude

This study presents an analysis of the observed north-south asymmetry of the range spread F (RSF) intensity at the low latitude region during an equinoctial month of different solar epochs (2002, 2015 and 2017). The ionospheric parameters were obtained during geomagnetic quiet days from four digisonde stations located along the Brazilian longitude, which include a dip equator station (Sao Luiz (SL: 2.33 S, 44.2 W)), conjugate stations (Campo Grande (CG: 20.5°S, 55°W) and Boa Vista (BV: 2.8°N, 60.7°W)) and another low latitude station (Cachoeira Paulista (CP: 22.7°S, 45°W)). The results highlight the competing effect of the post-sunset electric field strength and the trans-equatorial wind on the latitudinal distribution of the irregularity intensity at both hemispheres under varying background ionospheric condition. The RSF intensity was seen to reduce as the solar flux index decreased and the latitudinal peak shifted closer to the dip equator. This was dependent on the variation of the field line mapped irregularity spectrum and the density gradient. Likewise, the north-south asymmetry in the irregularity occurrence was seen to become more significant as a denser ionosphere was observed at the hemisphere with the equatorward meridional wind. This has further proven that the non-linear cascading of the plasma irregularity across the low latitude region is strongly influenced by the local electric field.     

亚声速二喉道流场不对称现象研究

为满足未来我国先进飞行器的发展需求，我国将考虑建设大型跨声速风洞，提高风洞试验模拟精细化水平。而第二喉道作为风洞 Ma 数控制的有效手段，被认为是提升跨声速风洞能力的关键技术之一。本文首先通过CFD 数值模拟发现了二喉道段流场在某些压比下存在不对称现象，然后，利用现有引导风洞，设计加工了 Ma＝0．7的带可变中心体的二喉道段进行验证试验。试验结果显示，当前室总压达到某一值时，二喉道段流场会出现不对称现象，并前传影响试验段流场品质。最后利用 CFD 手段给出了一种无不对称现象的新型二喉道设计。     

风洞T型冲击三通管道流场特性数值模拟

在24 m跨声速风洞进气管路T型冲击三通连接处和隔板位置,每隔一定时间会出现裂纹,影响了风洞的安全稳定运行。为了解裂纹出现的原因,同时为改进设计提供依据,采用CFD(computational fluid dynamics)对风洞现有三通和优化方案进行了对比。控制方程为三维黏性不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程。结果表明：无隔板时,三通内的流动为最常见的类型,支管内存在3个分离区,在转向过程中形成第1分离区,即马蹄涡;随后是第2分离区,一对反向旋转的旋涡,即Dean涡,及三通顶部壁面形成第3分离区。流场沿y=0 mm和z=0 mm平面基本呈对称分布。有隔板时,流场的左右和上下结构均不对称;在隔板和外侧壁面间的角点形成范围较小的驻涡,在支管内形成不稳定的螺旋状分离涡,致使气流振荡,从而使得三通连接和隔板处管壁出现裂纹。根据上述流态设计了管路优化方案和整流装置,优化后能有效减小或消除分离;其中去掉隔板最简单易行,可以解决裂纹的问题。     

低成本捷联惯导不对称动态误差的神经网络补偿

 针对低成本捷联惯导系统(SINS)中陀螺动态误差的不对称性在角振动条件下造成姿态漂移的问题，设计了多层前向神经网络的补偿模型。在标定模型参数时，为降低对外部参考信号测量精度的要求，提出用姿态解算的最终误差作为网络优化目标的训练方法。由于最终的姿态误差不是网络的期望输出，无法采用有导师的训练方法，为此采用了微粒群优化算法。仿真实验结果表明:补偿后的陀螺动态误差的不对称度减小了一个数量级。     

前体涡非对称分离机理及前缘吹气控制研究

通过设计对称性算法,求解层流Navier-Stokes方程,数值模拟了细长体在低超声速情况下前体背风涡随攻角演化的规律,在此基础上,进一步研究了前缘吹气对前体涡演化和侧向力特性的控制机理.根据数值模拟结果及分析,倾向于支持在层流框架内,前体涡的非对称失稳是一种对流不稳定机制,要想根据需要产生对称或不对称的前体涡,就必须外加持续的扰动.在约16°～48°攻角区间内,前缘吹气可产生规律性较好的侧向力,有可能直接利用前体涡进行横侧向控制.为工程实用化,需提高前缘吹气的激励收益效费比.     

移动质心飞行器的参数辨识和补偿控制

受质量块大小和位移的限制,移动质心不能像空气舵那样产生很大的力矩.因此飞行器的再入攻角对静稳定度很敏感,尤其在小静稳定度下,静稳定度稍有改变,配平攻角将发生很大变化.飞行器再入过程中的烧蚀、侵蚀以及边界层转捩所造成的小不对称量所产生的不对称力矩与质心移动后产生的控制力矩相比,不是小量.以所建立的移动质心控制飞行器的数学模型为基础,辨识飞行器静稳定度和小不对称量,对小不对称量造成的气动力矩用前馈一反馈复合控制加以补偿.仿真分析表明,移动质心控制对高速再入的飞行器具有良好的末修能力,能有效提高再入段的控制精度.     

三维非对称斜劈高速流动计算方法研究

交叉激波是高超声速进气道发展的关键气动问题之一。为实现对此类高速流动的准确数值模拟,基于RANS方程的自研多块结构网格计算软件,对经典三维非对称斜劈构型的斜激波交叉干扰流动特征开展了计算研究。通过对比分析,系统评估了计算网格、湍流模型及高精度格式对空间流场、底板摩擦力流线、压强分布、绝热壁温分布等的影响,获得了适用于三维非对称高速流动问题的网格生成准则和计算策略,同时验证了自研软件的模拟能力。     

再入弹头滚转共振概率估算

本文分析了滚转共振之机理和影响滚转共振之因素，收集了国外资料有关小不对称量的数据，确定了各参数的概率分布特性，提出了一种直观的再入弹头滚转共振概率估算方法，给出了算例。     

磁制动对地壳板块运动影响的理论分析与实证研究

太阳和木星的自转是不均匀的，纬度愈高，自转愈慢。据此，作者推测液态外地核的自转，也存在类似的不均匀性，而这种不均匀自转将对地壳板块运动产生影响。利用磁流体力学理论，阐明这类星球自转的不均匀性，是磁制动的不均匀性引起的。研究了磁制动对地壳板块运动影响的途径及表现方式，并举出实例证明这些表现方式的确存在，从而证明磁制动是影响地壳板块运动的一个极为重要的因素。