不同密度弹丸对水冰的超高速撞击成坑实验

为了研究冰冻天体表面撞击坑的形成与演化，开展了水冰的超高速撞击成坑实验。使用二级轻气炮发射1.0 mm直径的球形弹丸，以3 km/s、5 km/s和7 km/s速度对圆柱状冰块进行撞击。弹丸材料包括聚碳酸酯和不锈钢两种，冰块温度为253 K。实验观察到了不同弹丸和不同速度条件下，冰块中撞击坑的形貌特征。对撞击坑直径、深度和剖面形状进行了测量，并与文献中铝弹丸对水冰的撞击坑进行了比较分析。获得了水冰撞击坑特征随撞击参数的变化规律，结果表明：撞击坑直径和深度的主导机制不同，坑深主要由弹丸侵彻作用形成，而坑径主要由冰块的剥落所致；坑深比坑径具有更强的对于弹丸密度的依赖性，高密度弹丸撞击坑直径具有比低密度弹丸更强的对于撞击速度的依赖性；撞击坑体积与撞击能量成正比，高密度弹丸形成的撞击坑直径表现出“能量缩比”行为，而低密度弹丸形成的撞击坑直径表现出“动量缩比”行为。     

A robust object-based shadow detection method for cloud-free high resolution satellite images over urban areas and water bodies

Unwanted contrast in high resolution satellite images such as shadow areas directly affects the result of further processing in urban remote sensing images. Detecting and finding the precise position of shadows is critical in different remote sensing processing chains such as change detection, image classification and digital elevation model generation from stereo images. The spectral similarity between shadow areas, water bodies, and some dark asphalt roads makes the development of robust shadow detection algorithms challenging. In addition, most of the existing methods work on pixel-level and neglect the contextual information contained in neighboring pixels. In this paper, a new object-based shadow detection framework is introduced. In the proposed method a pixel-level shadow mask is built by extending established thresholding methods with a new C₄ index which enables to solve the ambiguity of shadow and water bodies. Then the pixel-based results are further processed in an object-based majority analysis to detect the final shadow objects. Four different high resolution satellite images are used to validate this new approach. The result shows the superiority of the proposed method over some state-of-the-art shadow detection method with an average of 96% in F-measure.     

飞机机头附近液态水含量分布规律的数值研究

在飞行器飞行过程中,安装在机头上的各类传感器结冰会对飞机的飞行安全产生不利影响。而液态水含量是影响飞机结冰的重要参数,为了更好地进行传感器结构及布局设计,对机头附近液态水含量分布规律进行数值研究。采用计算流体力学方法对飞机飞行时的空气-过冷水滴的稀疏两相流场进行数值模拟,通过求解N-S方程获得空气流场,采用欧拉法求解水滴运动场得到水滴运动轨迹。分析在不同来流马赫数、来流迎角及液滴直径等条件下,机头关键截面上广义水滴遮蔽高度的变化及机头关键位置上液态水含量的变化规律,研究不同状态参数对液态水含量分布的影响。结果表明:水滴遮蔽高度及浓度增加区范围随马赫数增大而增加,迎角的变化对机头上下表面液态水含量分布产生相反的影响。     

压缩载荷下复合材料加筋板屈曲参数研究

基于复合材料加筋板的双胞单元模型和势能最小原理,运用解析算法给出了简支条件下复合材料纵向加筋板临界屈曲载荷方程,对影响复合材料加筋板临界屈曲栽荷的主要参数：加筋板各项异性比,筋条的弯曲刚度,筋条间距和加筋板的长度进行了研究。解析算法和有限元方法给出了不同参数对复合材料加筋板屈曲载荷的影响水平。研究结果表明：针对不同筋条间距的复合材料加筋板筋条弯曲刚度存在一个阀值,当筋条高度大于阀值时,屈曲载荷不会随筋条弯曲刚度的增加而增加;给出的临界屈曲载荷方程可以方便的计算出压缩载荷下简支加筋板的屈曲载荷。     

Wireless Sensor Networks – A potential tool to probe for water on Moon

A Wireless Sensor Network for in situ probing of lunar water/ice is proposed. The mission scenario in single and multi-tier architectures for probing water in a permanently shadowed region of the Moon and different scenarios of exploration are discussed. The ideas presented in the paper are a positive assertion of feasibility for the sensor node hardware, given current levels of technological advancements.     

Numerical simulations of water spray on flame deflector during the four-engine rocket launching

This paper aims to study on the cooling effect with two types of water spray nozzle on the flame deflector during the four-engine launch vehicle take-off. To accurately simulate the two-phase flow of the rocket gas with multispecies and the water spray, the three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations, discrete ordinates methods and realizable k-Ɛ turbulence model are used to establish the rocket supersonic plumes impact model. The Eulerian dispersed phase (EDP) model was used to simulate the water spray into the exhaust gas. The accuracy and effectiveness of the gas-liquid flow model are verified by a good agreement between simulation results and experimental data. On this basis, a series of numerical simulation studies under different water injection position are performed. The results show that the high temperature regions, along the axis of engines on the deflector plate, have no significant temperature decreasing effect by water spray from the nozzles mounted on the apex of the deflector, and the high temperature converts a large quantity of water into vapor near the plume boundary, which would decrease the flow conductivity. With the cooling spray nozzle fixed directly to the deflector plate, the temperature decrease effect is obvious and the effect of thermal shock on deflector plate induced by exhaust plume is reduced, so that it can prevent the flame deflector from thermal ablation. The study results provide indepth information and engineering guidance for designing the water spray systems and increasing the safety of the launch process.     

OSIRIS-REx low-velocity particles during outbound cruise

We analyzed high-angular rate streaks first recorded by OSIRIS-REx’s MapCam during a 2017 search for Earth Trojan asteroids. We interpret them as water-ice particles that translated across the imager’s field of view, originating from the spacecraft itself. Their translation velocities approximated 0.1–1?m/s based on reasonable conclusions about their range. Pursuing several lines of investigation to seek a coherent hypothesis, we conclude that the episodic releases of the water ice particles are associated with spacecraft attitudes that resulted in solar illumination of previously shadowed regions. This correlation suggests that the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft itself possesses micro-climatic zones consisting of hot regions and cold traps that may temporarily potentially pass volatiles back and forth before losing most of them.     

CO_2激光烧蚀水所形成气蚀空穴机理研究

分析了激光烧蚀液体时形成表面空穴的机理。利用高速相机获得CO2激光烧蚀蒸馏水的流场照片,对空穴的发展过程进行了分析,发现空穴的快速发展期在最初的100μs内,之后在几百μs内保持平衡。用简单模型计算了不同能流密度下,空穴平衡时的形状,并分析了模型的局限性。研究结果对于揭示激光烧蚀水产生推力的机理有重要意义,有利于促进水工质激光推进的发展。     

Soybean cultivar selection for Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSSs) – Hydroponic cultivation

Four soybean cultivars (‘Atlantic’, ‘Cresir’, ‘Pr91m10’ and ‘Regir’), selected through a theoretical procedure as suitable for cultivation in BLSS, were evaluated in terms of growth and production. Germination percentage and Mean Germination Time (MGT) were measured. Plants were cultivated in a growth chamber equipped with a recirculating hydroponic system (Nutrient Film Technique). Cultivation was performed under controlled environmental conditions (12 h photoperiod, light intensity 350 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, temperature regime 26/20 °C light/dark, relative humidity 65–75%). Fertigation was performed with a standard Hoagland solution, modified for soybean specific requirements, and EC and pH were kept at 2.0 dS m⁻¹ and 5.5 respectively.     

两邻边铰支两邻边固支von-Karman矩形板的研究

本文运用双重Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ级数分析了受横向均布载荷作用下两邻边铰支两邻边固支矩形板的非线性弯曲问题。利用该级数正交性，可以把非线性偏微分控制方程化为含级数系数的非线性代数方程组并通过迭代解出所有系数。最后给出了位移和应力的计算结果。