Inertial parameter estimation and control of non-cooperative target with unilateral contact constraint

In this paper, the relative sliding motion between the target and the manipulator’s end-effector is considered and characterized as a unilateral contact constraint. A new possible solution is presented to estimate the inertial parameters of a non-cooperative target while the relative sliding motion exists. First, the detailed analysis of the dynamical model is presented, and a parameter-explicit linear time-varying model is obtained. Then, an extended state observer is constructed based on the new model, which can effectively estimate the unknown inertial parameters of the target when relative sliding motion exists. As the modified reactionless controller requires the knowledge of inertial parameters, a hybrid post-capture control scheme is also established based on the switch law between different controllers. The correctness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm are validated by numerical simulation, which proves a potential framework for the non-cooperative target post-capture operation.     

Orbit determination of BDS-3 satellite based on regional ground tracking station and inter-satellite link observations

The BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) has established the Ka-band inter-satellite link (ISL) to realize a two-way ranging function between satellites, which provides a new observation technology for the orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites. Therefore, this study presents a BDS satellite orbit determination model based on ground tracking station (GTS) observations and ISL ranging observations firstly to analyze the impact of the ISL ranging observations on the orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites. Subsequently, considering the data fusion processing, the variance component estimation (VCE) algorithm is applied to the parameter estimation process of the satellite orbit determination. Finally, using the measured data from China’s regional GTS observations and BDS-3 ISL ranging observations, the effects of ISL ranging observations on the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-3 satellites are analyzed. Moreover, the impact of the VCE algorithm on the fusion data processing is evaluated from the aspects of orbit determination accuracy, Ka-band hardware delay parameter stability, and ISL ranging observation residuals. The results show that for China’s regional GTSs, the addition of BDS-3 ISL ranging observations can significantly improve the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-3 satellites. The observed orbit determination accuracy of satellite radial component is improved from 48 cm to 4.1 cm. In addition, when the initial weight ratio between GTS observations and ISL ranging observations is not appropriate, the various indicators which include orbit determination accuracy, ISL hardware delay, and ISL observation residuals were observed to have improved after the adjustment of the VCE algorithm. These results validate the effectiveness of the VCE algorithm for the fusion data processing of the GTS observations and ISL ranging observations.     

航天器自主导航状态估计方法研究综述

自主导航是航天器自主运行的核心关键技术。状态估计是实现航天器自主导航的核心手段，是指实时确定航天器在轨位置、速度和姿态等导航参数，是航天器自主导航技术的重点发展方向之一。首先，针对航天器自主导航的实际需求，阐述了研究航天器自主导航状态估计方法的必要性，具体从导航系统可观测性分析、导航滤波算法、导航系统误差补偿3个方面介绍了航天器自主导航状态估计方法的研究现状；然后，分析并总结状态估计方法在航天器自主导航系统中的实际应用；最后，结合理论研究和实际应用，给出了状态估计方法目前存在的主要问题并对其后续发展进行了展望。     

Weibull分布参数估计值对细节疲劳额定强度的影响

将新材料、新工艺应用于民机结构设计时，细节疲劳额定强度（DFR）法仍是重要的评估方法。根据新型铝合金疲劳试验数据，全面分析了Weibull分布形状参数对DFR计算参数的影响；分析标准S-N曲线斜度参数对DFR的影响时，应考虑可靠性寿命的变化，采用低可靠度寿命计算曲线斜度参数可降低Weibull分布形状参数的影响；比较了采用不同分布参数估计值与传统上采用波音公司给定值进行DFR计算的差异。结果表明，对于通过符合性检验的试验数据，使用不同Weibull分布的参数估计值计算得到的DFR都大于按传统方法（用波音公司给定值）的计算结果，其中，三参数Weibull分布计算的DFR最大，至少增加10%以上。     

基于双滤波器的高精度目标跟踪估计方法

针对连续推力的合作航天器，采用双重无迹卡尔曼滤波(DUKF)算法估计其状态和加速度。通过状态滤波器和参数滤波器的配合，提升滤波精度，完成运动状态和参数的估计，从而实现合作目标的运动轨迹跟踪。与合作航天器相比，非合作航天器存在大小未知、发生时刻未知的机动，无法获得加速度，且信息获取和运动状态的估计难度大。针对非合作航天器，基于简化的相对运动方程，结合天基平台获得目标的观测信息，采用两个扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)及基于半正焦弦的机动检测策略实现多未知脉冲机动的运动状态的估计。仿真结果表明：相比于无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF），DUKF在对合作航天器的状态和加速度估计方面具有更快的收敛速度和更高的滤波精度；对于存在未知机动的非合作航天器，通过对比验证机动检测策略与滤波器切换策略相结合的方法的有效性，该方法能够检测到多次机动并且减少误判。     

小卫星侦察星座性能评估研究

针对小卫星侦察星座性能评估问题，从覆盖、成本和弹性三方面对小卫星侦察星座的性能指标进行研究，分别构建了考虑存储容量约束的覆盖能力评估模型、成本估计模型以及弹性能力评估模型。在覆盖能力评估模型中，将卫星存储容量作为约束条件，结合卫星覆盖几何模型分析了卫星对地侦察的工作条件，提出考虑存储容量的覆盖指标计算方法；通过小卫星成本模型(small satellite cost model,SSCM)对星座各分系统的成本进行估计；在弹性评估模型中，提出了星座性能损失率指标，并根据星座失效状态概率函数确定了不同失效状态下星座性能损失率的权重。将上述模型应用于SkySat和吉林一号星座的性能评估过程中，结果表明SkySat比吉林一号覆盖能力强、成本低，弹性差。提出的三个模型可用于评价星座优劣，为小卫星侦察星座的建设和性能评估工作提供参考。     

A new modeling scheme for powered parafoil unmanned aerial vehicle platforms: Theory and experiments

A novel framework is established for accurate modeling of Powered Parafoil Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (PPUAV). The model is developed in the following three steps: obtaining a linear dynamic model, simplifying the model structure, and estimating the model mismatch due to model variance and external disturbance factors. First, a six degree-of-freedom linear model, or the structured model, is obtained through dynamic establishment and linearization. Second, the data correlation analysis is adopted to determine the criterion for proper model complexity and to simplify the structured model. Next, an active model is established, combining the simplified model with the model mismatch estimator. An adapted Kalman filter is utilized for the real-time estimation of states and model mismatch. We finally derive a linear system model while taking into account of model variance and external disturbance. Actual flight tests verify the effectiveness of our active model in different flight scenarios.     

A comprehensive survey on the methods of angle of attack measurement and estimation in UAVs

Angle of Attack (AOA) is a crucial parameter which directly affects the aerodynamic forces of an aircraft. The measurement of AOA is required to ensure a safe flight within its designed flight envelop. This paper intends to summarise a comprehensive survey on the measurement techniques and estimation methods for AOA, specifically in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) applications. In the case of UAVs, weight constraint plays a major role as far as sensor suites are concerned. This results in selecting a suitable estimation method to extract AOA using the available data from the autopilot. The most feasible and widely employed AOA measurement technique is by using the Multi-Hole Probes (MHPs). The MHP measures the AOA regarding the pressure variations between the ports. Due to the importance of MHP in AOA measurement, the calibration methods for the MHP are also included in this paper. This paper discusses the AOA measurement using virtual AOA sensors, their importance and the operation.     

一种多尺度稀疏极化敏感阵列及其DOA估计方法

针对单个电磁矢量传感器(SS-EMVS)的孔径受限和传统稀疏阵列无法提供目标极化信息的问题,结合分离式电磁矢量传感器和稀疏阵列,提出了一种由SS-EMVS组成的多尺度稀疏极化敏感阵列。该阵列的阵列单元为1个完整的分离式电磁矢量传感器,沿y轴分布,整个阵列按阵元间距分为2个均匀子阵,而且这2个阵元间距都可以大于入射信号的半波长,从而构造一个多尺度稀疏极化敏感阵列以得到目标波达方向(DOA)的高精度估计值。该阵列结合了SS-EMVS可降低阵元互耦和稀疏阵列可扩大阵列孔径的优点,提高了目标DOA估计精度的同时降低了阵元互耦,并且对噪声也具备较好的鲁棒性。而在算法上,首先利用矢量叉积算法得到目标方向余弦的低精度无模糊估计值;其次根据2个子阵的空域旋转不变性得到目标方向余弦的高精度模糊估计值,针对这些方向余弦的估计值提出了一种多尺度解模糊算法,可得到目标方向余弦的高精度无模糊估计值;最后经过运算得到目标的高精度DOA的估计结果。仿真结果证明了所提阵列和算法的有效性。该阵列可应用于某些空间受限的实际应用场合中,如安装在飞行器上的传感器阵列,从而发挥电磁矢量传感器的单天线多分量的特点,也可以与MIMO雷达进行结合,借助极化信息提高雷达系统的检测性能和目标二维DOA的估计精度。     

基于空间两点的视觉自主着陆导引算法设计

为提高无人机着陆效率，从着陆速度向量场和导引律设计两方面研究改进。首先，基于椭圆设计速度向量场，实现飞行路程更短、机动性能要求更低的着陆轨迹。然后，基于像素坐标系与机体坐标系的关系，设计无人机的航迹方位角指令；以椭圆切线方向为参考，结合合作矢量特征，设计航迹倾斜角指令；利用图像信息，设计速度大小指令。最后，理论比较了传统轨迹与提出轨迹对方向机动性性能的要求，给出了轨迹参数与无人机方向机动性性能的关系。利用Simulink搭建系统仿真平台，计算满足要求的合作矢量特征。结果表明，无人机以曲线轨迹准确软着陆到目标，满足实际运用的需要。