Far-UVC light as a new tool to reduce microbial burden during spacecraft assembly

This work aims to investigate far-UVC light at 222 nm as a new microbial reduction tool for planetary protection purposes which could potentially be integrated into the spacecraft assembly process. The major advantage of far-UVC (222 nm) compared to traditional germicidal UVC (254 nm) is the potential for application throughout the spacecraft assembly process in the presence of humans without adverse health effects due to the limited penetration of far-UVC light into biological materials. Testing the efficacy of 222-nm light at inactivating hardy bacterial cells and spores isolated from spacecraft and associated surfaces is a necessary step to evaluate this technology. We assessed survival of Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 and Acinetobacter radioresistens 50v1 exposed to 222-nm light on proxy spacecraft surfaces simulated by drying the bacteria on aluminum coupons. The survival fraction of both bacteria followed a single stage decay function up to 60 mJ/cm², revealing similar susceptibility of both species to 222-nm light, which was independent of the exposure rate. Irradiation with far-UVC light at 222 nm is an effective method to decontaminate the proxy spacecraft materials tested in this study.     

过氧化氢/紫外线/臭氧氧化技术处理肼类污水的应用

采用放大试验规模（处理量1 m³/h）的H₂O₂（过氧化氢）/UV（紫外线）/O₃（臭氧）氧化技术处理肼类推进剂污水，在30.0±1.6 ℃，pH=9.0±0.2的条件下，研究肼类的过氧化氢增强光解臭氧化降解。对比不同氧化技术的协同效应以及对污水降解的影响，重点考察过氧化氢、紫外线、臭氧和初始浓度等工艺参数对降解效果的影响，对氧化技术的应用进行了优化。研究结果表明：该技术可使COD去除率提高27.66%，肼类的降解速率随着过氧化氢投加量、紫外线辐射强度、O₃投加速率和水质地提高而升高，随着初始质量浓度的提高而下降。在最佳工艺下，处理5 000 mg/L质量浓度的废水，处理60 min时，COD去除率分别为98.62%（偏二甲肼）、99.17%（甲基肼）、99.94%（肼）和93.25%（单推-3）。     

循环电载荷下大功率LED金引线疲劳断裂寿命预测

随着大功率发光二极管（LED）在照明领域的普及与广泛应用，可靠性逐渐成为研究的重点。大功率LED封装器件中金引线疲劳断裂失效一直是制约其可靠性的重要因素。通过针对大功率LED封装器件中的金引线力学仿真与功率循环试验相结合的方法，首先确定循环电载荷条件下该型LED的主要失效原因为金引线疲劳断裂，其次提出基于电流加速模型的加速因子提取方法和基于应变幅值的Coffin-Manson解析寿命预测方法，最终完成对LED金引线疲劳断裂寿命的预测和试验验证。研究结果表明:所提方法具有较高的寿命预测精度，可以满足大功率LED封装器件可靠性快速、准确评估的要求。      

UV镜对摄影测量精度的影响及消除方法研究

针对摄影测量中加入UV镜后对测量结果的影响问题进行了研究。通过理论推导UV镜对于像点坐标偏移的影响,得出UV镜对像点偏移的影响规律,并提出采用自检校光束法平差的方法消除UV镜对像点偏移的影响,实验证明本文得出的对UV镜产生的像点偏移规律的分析及解决方法都是正确的。     

TiO2基紫外探测器的制备及退火工艺对光电性能的影响

采用磁控溅射方法,通过不同工艺的退火处理,制备了光电性能优良的TiO2基紫外探测器.通过紫外光电性能测试、扫描电子显微镜( SEM)观察及X射线衍射(XRD)分析,研究了退火工艺对探测器光电性能的影响规律.结果表明:随着退火温度的增加,TiO2晶粒尺寸显著增大,晶界和缺陷数量的变化是导致TiO2基紫外探测器的光电性能随退火工艺变化的根本原因.经500℃/2h退火后,紫外探测器的光电流高出暗电流近2.5个数量级,紫外波段的光响应高出可见光波段近2个数量级,所制备紫外探测器达到了高辐射灵敏度和可见盲特性的要求.     

便携式三坐标测量系统中可调光笔的设计

为提高光笔式三坐标测量系统的精度,设计了一个无线控制系统,用于控制光笔上LED的亮度值,点亮个数以及点亮时间。硬件部分主要由无线通信模块,单片机以及LED驱动器组成,而软件主要包括无线通信,串行通信以及LED控制程序三个模块。实验结果表明,相对于传统系统,该系统线性度好,灵敏度高,响应速度快,满足测量系统对实时性、稳定性、灵活性的要求。     

UVCS/SOHO Observations of Spectral Line Profiles in Polar Coronal Holes

Ultraviolet emission line profiles have been measured on 15-29 September 1997 for H I 1216 Å, O VI 1032, 1037 Å and Mg X 625 Å in a polar coronal hole, at heliographic heights ? (in solar radii) between 1.34 and 2.0. Observations of H I 1216 Å and the O VI doublet from January 1997 for ? = 1.5 to 3.0 are provided for comparison. Mg X 625 Å is observed to have a narrow component at ? = 1.34 which accounts for only a small fraction of the observed spectral radiance, and a broad component that exists at all observed heights. The widths of O VI broad components are only slightly larger than those for H I at ? = 1.34, but are significantly larger at ? = 1.5 and much larger for ? > 1.75. In contrast, the Mg X values are less than those of H I up to 1.75 and then increase rapidly up to at least ? = 2.0, but never reach the values of O VI.     

Plant experiments with light-emitting diode module in Svet space greenhouse

Light is necessary for photosynthesis and shoot orientation in the space plant growth facilities. Light modules (LM) must provide sufficient photosynthetic photon flux for optimal efficiency of photosynthetic processes and also meet the constraints for power, volume and mass. A new LM for Svet space greenhouse using Cree® XLamp® 7090 XR light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was developed. Monochromic LEDs emitting in the red, green, and blue regions of the spectrum were used. The LED-LM contains 36 LED spots – 30 LED spots with one red, green and blue LED and 6 LED spots with three red LEDs. Digital Multiplex Control Unit controls the LED spots and can set 231 levels of light intensity thus achieving Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) in the range 0–400 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and different percentages of the red, green and blue light, depending on the experimental objectives. Two one-month experiments with plants – lettuce and radicchio were carried out at 400 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PPFD (high light – HL) and 220 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PPFD (low light – LL) and 70% red, 20% green and 10% blue light composition. To evaluate the efficiency of photosynthesis, in vivo modulated chlorophyll fluorescence was measured by Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) fluorometer on leaf discs and the following parameters: effective quantum yield of Photosystem II (Φ_PSII) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were calculated. Both lettuce and radicchio plants grown at LL express higher photochemical activity of Photosystem II (PSII) than HL grown plants, evaluated by Φ_PSII. Accelerated rise in NPQ in both LL grown plants was observed, while steady state NPQ values were higher in LL grown lettuce plants and did not differ in LL and HL grown radicchio plants. The extent of photoinhibition process in both plants was evaluated by changes in malonedialdehyde (MDA) concentration, peroxidase (POX) activity and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) content. Accumulation of high levels of MDA and increased POX activity correlating with decreased H₂O₂ content were observed in both HL grown plants. These biochemical indicators revealed higher sensitivity to photodamage in HL grown lettuce and radicchio plants. LL conditions resulted in more effective functioning of PSII than HL when lettuce and radicchio plants were grown at 70% red, 20% green and 10% blue light composition.     

ZnO透明导电薄膜制备及紫外辐照处理特性研究

ZnO作为一种典型的透明导电氧化物（Transparent conductive oxide,TCO）材料，具有同氧化铟锡(Indium tin oxide,ITO)相比拟的光电性能，其原料丰富、绿色环保、易于制备、生成成本低等优点使ZnO成为最有希望替代ITO的材料。本文以玻璃为衬底，利用量子点种子层作为缓冲层，采用传统水热方法制备了低成本ZnO透明导电薄膜，采用特殊的紫外光辐照工艺对薄膜进行后处理，探索薄膜生长参数和紫外光辐照处理工艺对其透光率和导电性的影响。结果表明，紫外辐照处理不影响薄膜的透光性能，而使材料的方块电阻降低3个数量级，数值从没处理时的1.5×105 Ω/□降低到 150 Ω/□，极大地提高了薄膜的电导率，为ZnO薄膜材料电导率的提高提供了一个简单高效的途径。     

Spectroscopic Constraints on Models of Ion-cyclotron Resonance Heating in the Polar Solar Corona

Using empirical velocity distributions derived from UVCS and SUMER ultraviolet spectroscopy, we construct theoretical models of anisotropic ion temperatures in the polar solar corona. The primary energy deposition mechanism we investigate is the dissipation of high frequency (10-10000 Hz) ion-cyclotron resonant Alfvén waves which can heat and accelerate ions differently depending on their charge and mass. We find that it is possible to explain the observed high perpendicular temperatures and strong anisotropies with relatively small amplitudes for the resonant waves. There is suggestive evidence for steepening of the Alfvén wave spectrum between the coronal base and the largest heights observed spectroscopically. Because the ion-cyclotron wave dissipation is rapid, even for minor ions like O⁵⁺, the observed extended heating seems to demand a constantly replenished population of waves over several solar radii. This indicates that the waves are generated gradually throughout the wind rather than propagated up from the base of the corona. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.