基于3D Zernike矩的巡检器与空间站的相对导航算法

针对航天器相对导航问题，以空间站表面为"特殊地形"，提出一种基于大型航天器表面巡检的相对导航算法。首先，运用巡检飞行器上的TOF （Time of Flight）相机测量空间站表面局部点云数据，以该点云数据为实时图，以空间站表面先验点云数据为基准图。然后，利用3D Zernike矩与三维地形间的一一对应关系，将三维地形匹配转化为基于3D Zernike矩的特征向量匹配。在此基础上求解实时图与匹配上的基准图间的相对位置、相对姿态，从而确定两航天器间的相对导航参数，并通过实验分析了匹配精度及速度的主要影响因素。最后，将该相对导航参数与惯性系统推算的相对导航参数在扩展卡尔曼滤波器的框架下实现信息融合，估计了巡检飞行器与空间站间的相对位置、相对姿态，实验结果表明，相对位置精度优于0.002 m，相对姿态精度优于0.1°。     

低轨卫星缺失时序数据的模式识别方法

在航天应用中，低轨卫星经常会由于原始数据缺失而影响卫星时序数据模式识别结果，降低准确率。针对该问题提出了一种新型MR-GRU模型，可有效处理缺失时序数据，并获得较好的模式识别准确率。区别于传统模型的补全缺失数据的方法，MR-GRU模型直接在缺失时序数据上运用循环神经网络进行训练，对传统门控循环单元结构进行了改进，增加了两个新变量：掩蔽项和衰减项。掩蔽项作用于输入，衰减项作用于输入和隐层单元输出。MR-GRU模型不仅能够保持时序数据固有的时间特性，还能有效提高模式识别精度。在卫星时序数据上的模式识别试验表明，MR-GRU模型准确率优于传统模型。     

基于有限Fourier级数的航天器转移轨迹设计

针对航天器小推力转移轨迹的初始设计问题，利用基于三阶Fourier级数的设计方法实现了航天器小推力的多圈转移。同时，基于有限Fourier级数的形状法，对具有多个约束条件的小推力多圈转移轨迹进行了优化设计。选取了共面同轴同偏心率的初始和末端轨道位置，对所提出的方法进行了仿真验证。结果表明：与改进逆五阶多项式形状法相比，所提出的方法虽然增加了转移时间，但当转移圈数为5圈、有限Fourier级数的项数为10时，可减少将近75%的转移速度增量，同时大大减小了所需的最大推力加速度的值。     

Imaging of target with complicated motion using ISAR system based on IPHAF-TVA

The technique of imaging a target with a complicated motion using an Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) system is an effective tool in the field of radar signal processing. After the translational compensation, the received signal reflected from the target can take the form of a multi-component Polynomial Phase Signal (m-PPS), and the high quality ISAR image can be provided via the combination between the estimated parameters of the m-PPS and the Range Instantaneous-Doppler technique (RID). For a target with a high maneuvrability, the occurrence of scatterers Migration Through Resolution Cell (MTRC), caused by the rotational movement could be appearing. That is why the variation in the amplitude of the echo during the time of observation cannot be neglected. The purpose of this study is the parameters estimation of the m-PPS signal with order three in the case of the Time Varying Amplitude (TVA). The Improved-version of the Product High-order Ambiguity Function (IPHAF) with TVA is proposed to improve the quality of the ISAR image compared with traditional techniques based on a constant amplitude; the experimental outcomes confirm that the new IPHAF-TVA method presented in this study is an effective technique to make the ISAR image very clear.     

Evaluation of SARAL/AltiKa performance using GNSS/IMU equipped buoy in Sajafi,Imam Hassan and Kangan Ports

Performance of SARAL/AltiKa mission has been evaluated within 2016 altimeter calibration/validation framework in Persian Gulf through three campaigns conducted in the offshore waters of Sajafi, Imam Hassan and Kangan Ports, while the altimeter overflew the passes 470, 111 and 25 on 13 Feb, 7 March and 17 June 2016, respectively. As the preparation, a lightweight buoy was equipped with a GNSS receiver/choke-ring antenna and a MEMS-based IMU to measure independent datasets in the field operations. To obtain accurate sea surface height (SSH) time series, the offset of the onboard antenna from the equilibrium sea level was predetermined through surveying operations as the buoy was deploying in the onshore waters of Kangan Port. Accordingly, the double-difference carrier phase observations have been processed via the Bernese GPS Software v. 5.0 so as to provide the GNSS-derived time series at the comparison points of the calibration campaigns, once the disturbing effects due to the platform tilt and heave have been eliminated. Owing to comparing of the SSH time series and the associating altimetry 1?Hz GDR-T datasets, the calibration/validation of the SARAL/AltiKa has been performed in the both cases of radiometer and ECMWF wet troposphere corrections so as to identify potential land contamination. An agreement of the present findings in comparison with those attained in other international calibrations sites confirms the promising feasibility of Persian Gulf as a new dedicated site for calibration/validation of ongoing and future altimetry missions.     

柴油机两级VNT混联系统整机效率优化

为提高柴油机的余热回收利用率,提出一种基于可变喷嘴环式涡轮VNT（variable nozzle turbine）技术的两级涡轮混联系统。该系统根据柴油机运行工况,通过控制阀门的开闭来实现混联系统中串联工作模式和并联工作模式的转换。以涡轮的有效直径为参数来表征涡轮的流通能力,利用GT-Power仿真平台研究了两种工作模式下增压涡轮和动力涡轮的流通能力对发动机功率、动力涡轮功率及涡轮增压器性能的影响规律；提出了增压涡轮、动力涡轮与发动机的匹配策略；以系统整机效率最优为目标,针对柴油机不同运行工况进行混联方式的优化控制。结果表明:针对柴油机的不同运行工况,通过两级VNT复合系统混联优化运行方案,能够有效回收柴油机废气能量,额定工况下系统整机效率提高5.1%。      

电缆故障在线检测定位装置研究

电缆作为飞机电源系统的重要组成部分,实现电缆故障的在线诊断,可以提高其可靠性。采用扩展频谱时域反射法(SSTDR),基于FPGA技术,设计一种板级速率为500 MHz的飞机电缆故障在线检测和定位装置,并进行实验验证。结果表明:该装置能够实现电缆开路、短路以及间歇性电弧的在线检测和定位,具有定位精度高、实时性好等优点;利用该装置在线监测电缆的健康状态,实现难以复现的间歇性故障的检测,能够提高地面运营、维护效率,节省人力物力,具有较高的工程应用价值。     

Shaping low-thrust trajectories with thrust-handling feature

Shape-based methods are becoming popular in low-thrust trajectory optimization due to their fast computation speeds. In existing shape-based methods constraints are treated at the acceleration level but not at the thrust level. These two constraint types are not equivalent since spacecraft mass decreases over time as fuel is expended. This paper develops a shape-based method based on a Fourier series approximation that is capable of representing trajectories defined in spherical coordinates and that enforces thrust constraints. An objective function can be incorporated to minimize overall mission cost, i.e., achieve minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$. A representative mission from Earth to Mars is studied. The proposed Fourier series technique is demonstrated capable of generating feasible and near-optimal trajectories. These attributes can facilitate future low-thrust mission designs where different trajectory alternatives must be rapidly constructed and evaluated.     

A multi-aircraft conflict detection and resolution method for 4-dimensional trajectory-based operation

Conflict Detection and Resolution(CDR) is the key to ensure aviation safety based on Trajectory Prediction(TP). Uncertainties that affect aircraft motions cause difficulty in an accurate prediction of the trajectory, especially in the context of four-dimensional(4D) Trajectory-Based Operation(4DTBO), which brings the uncertainty of pilot intent. This study draws on the idea of time geography, and turns the research focus of CDR from TP to an analysis of the aircraft reachable space constrained by 4D waypoint constraints. The concepts of space–time reachability of aircraft and space–time potential conflict space are proposed. A novel pre-CDR scheme for multiple aircraft is established. A key advantage of the scheme is that the uncertainty of pilot intent is accounted for via a Space-Time Prism(STP) for aircraft. Conflict detection is performed by verifying whether the STPs of aircraft intersect or not, and conflict resolution is performed by planning a conflict-free space–time trajectory avoiding intersection. Numerical examples are presented to validate the efficiency of the proposed scheme.