A novel framework for liquid propellant engine’s cooling system design by sensitivity analysis based on RSM and multi-objective optimization using PSO

One of the challenges of combustion chamber and nozzle design in a Liquid Propellant Engine (LPE) is to predict the behavior and performance of the cooling system. Therefore, while designing, the optimization of the cooling system is always of great importance. This paper presents the multi-objective optimization of the LPE’s cooling system. To this end, a novel framework has been developed, resulting from the application of the Response Surface Method (RSM) and the correlation coefficients matrix, sensitivity analysis and the The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). based on this method, the input variables, constraints, objective functions, and their surfaces were identified. In terms of multi-optimization algorithms, RSM and PSO are utilized to get global optimum. In conclusion, the methodology capability is to optimize the LPE’s cooling system, 6 percentage increase in total heat transfer and 7 bar decrease cooling system pressure loss, which resulted in a 1.2-seconds increase in the specific impulse of the engine.     

基于代理模型全局优化的自适应参数化方法

对于翼型气动隐身设计问题，设计变量的配置对设计结果影响很大，而简单地增加设计变量不能保证得到理想的结果。提出一种适用于代理模型全局优化的自适应参数化方法：利用全局敏感性分析方法——基本效应法，得到设计空间关于目标函数的敏感区域信息，并以此为根据增加设计变量；利用节点插入算法将低维样本在高维空间内进行重构，避免了重新取样的工作量。相对于传统固定设计空间维度方法，自适应参数化方法在设计空间的敏感区域扩展维度，能够更加精准地描述外形并反映目标的变化趋势。通过飞翼布局翼型的气动隐身优化算例，证实自适应参数化方法可以大幅提高优化设计质量和效率。     

直线电机位置伺服系统的增强复合非线性控制

针对高性能机电系统中常用的直线伺服电机,设计了一个能实现快速与准确的定点运动的位置控制器。控制器采用线性控制律与平滑非线性控制律相结合的方案,并利用一个降阶线性状态观测器对电机运动速度(未量测)加以估计。为了消除未知扰动带来的稳态误差,控制律中嵌入了积分控制作用。整个控制律采用全参数化设计,可实现动态增益控制,方便了在线参数整定与性能优化。控制方案应用于一个实际的永磁直线电机位置伺服系统,基于TMS320F28335 DSC进行了试验测试,结果表明系统能对各目标位置进行准确的跟踪,且具有理想的瞬态性能。     

Experimental and numerical investigation on surface quality for two-point incremental sheet forming with interpolator

The unsatisfied surface quality seriously impedes the wide application of incremental sheet forming (ISF) in industrial field. As a novel approach, the interpolator method is a promising strategy to enhance the surface quality in ISF. However, the mechanism for the improvement of surface quality and the influence of interpolator properties on surface roughness are not well understood. In this paper, the influences of process variables (i.e. tool diameter, step size and thickness of interpolators) on the forming process (e.g. surface roughness, forming force and geometric error) are investigated through a systematic experimental approach of central composite design (CCD) in two-point incremental sheet forming (TPIF). It is obtained that the increase in thickness of interpolators decreases the surface roughness in direction vertical to the tool path while increases the surface roughness in direction horizontal to the tool path. Nevertheless, the combined influence between thickness of interpolators and process parameters (tool diameter and step size) is limited. Meanwhile, the placement of interpolator has little influence on the effective forming force of blank. In addition, the geometric error enlarges with the increase of step size and thickness of interpolator while decreases firstly and then increase with an increase in tool diameter. Finally, the influencing mechanism of the interpolator method on surface quality can be attributed to the decrease of the contact pressure due to the increase of contact area with the unchanged contact force. Meanwhile, the interpolator method eliminates the sliding friction on the surface of blank due to the stable relative position between the blank and the interpolator.     

Specific grinding energy and surface roughness of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication in grinding

Nanoparticles with the anti-wear and friction reducing features were applied as cooling lubricant in the grinding fluid. Dry grinding, flood grinding, minimal quantity of lubrication（MQL）, and nanoparticle jet MQL were used in the grinding experiments. The specific grinding energy of dry grinding, flood grinding and MQL were 84, 29.8, 45.5 J/mm³, respectively. The specific grinding energy significantly decreased to 32.7 J/mm³ in nanoparticle MQL. Compared with dry grinding, the surface roughness values of flood grinding, MQL, and nanoparticle jet MQL were significantly reduced with the surface topography profile values reduced by 11%, 2.5%, and 10%,respectively, and the ten point height of microcosmic unflatness values reduced by 1.5%, 0.5%,and 1.3%, respectively. These results verified the satisfactory lubrication effects of nanoparticle MQL. MoS₂, carbon nanotube（CNT）, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles were also added in the grinding fluid of nanoparticle jet MQL to analyze their grinding surface lubrication effects. The specific grinding energy of MoS₂ nanoparticle was only 32.7 J/mm³, which was 8.22% and 10.39% lower than those of the other two nanoparticles. Moreover, the surface roughness of workpiece was also smaller with MoS₂ nanoparticle, which indicated its remarkable lubrication effects. Furthermore,the role of MoS₂ particles in the grinding surface lubrication at different nanoparticle volume concentrations was analyzed. MoS₂ volume concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% were used.Experimental results revealed that the specific grinding energy and the workpiece surface roughness initially increased and then decreased as MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration increased.Satisfactory grinding surface lubrication effects were obtained with 2% MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration.     

前缘参数对翼型气动-隐身特性敏感性分析

针对翼面部件对隐身飞机气动和隐身性能影响更为突出的问题,提出了一种翼型前缘参数化修形方法,采用高精度气动和电磁数值计算方法,进行了前缘形状对翼型气动-隐身特性的敏感性分析。研究结果表明:翼型前缘半径增加,其最大升力系数、失速迎角、最大升阻比显著增加,但其前向RCS均值也增加明显,设计时需进行综合权衡;在不影响结构和装载的情况下,下表面偏角尽量小,修形长度取0.15c,对翼型的低、高速气动和隐身特性都有利。     

航天器表面电荷激发空间静电场规律研究

从带电表面微元出发，通过求解泊松方程，得到带电介质平板表面邻近空间静电势的解析表达式，建立介质表面电位-介电常数模型，求得了带电介质平板表面电位、表面带电量和介质介电常数三者之间的关系式。结合典型的航天器表面介质材料带电案例，对此类圆盘结构介质平板带电问题进行了仿真分析，结果表明，在介质材料表面电位一定的情况下，表面电荷激发的空间静电势值随距离的增大而减小，并且距离介质表面越近，电势的空间变化率越大；在介质材料带电量相等的情况下，介质表面电位随着介质介电常数的增大而减小，并逐渐趋于一个稳定值，所以在一定范围内选择介电常数较大的介质材料可以降低介质的表面电位，减小介质间发生静电放电的几率。     

Effects of Mach numbers on Magnus induced surface pressure

Experimental and numerical methods were used to investigate the Magnus phenomena over a spinning projectile. The pressure force acting on the surface of a spinning projectile was measured for various cases by employing a relatively novel experimental technique. A set of miniature pressure sensors along with a data acquisition board, battery and storage memory were placed inside a spinning model and the surface pressure were obtained through a remotely controlled system. Circumferential pressures of the model for both rotational and static conditions were obtained at two different free stream Mach numbers of 0.4 and 0.8 and at different angles of attack. The results showed the ability of this new test method to measure the very small Magnus force via surface pressures over the projectile. The results provide a deep insight into the flow structure and illustrate changes in the cross-flow separation locations as a result of rotation. Similar results were obtained by the numerical simulations and were compared with the experimental data.     

A surface parametric control and global optimization method for axial flow compressor blades

An aerodynamic optimization method for axial flow compressor blades available for engineering is developed in this paper. Bezier surface is adopted as parameterization method to control the suction surface of the blades, which brings the following advantages:(A) significantly reducing design variables;(B) easy to ensure the mechanical strength of rotating blades;(C) better physical understanding;(D) easy to achieve smooth surface. The Improved Artificial Bee Colony(IABC) algorithm, which significantly increases the convergence speed and global optimization ability, is adopted to find the optimal result. A new engineering optimization tool is constructed by combining the surface parametric control method, the IABC algorithm, with a verified Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) simulation method, and it has been successfully applied in the aerodynamic optimization for a single-row transonic rotor(Rotor 37) and a single-stage transonic axialflow compressor(Stage 35). With the constraint that the relative change in the flow rate is less than0.5% and the total pressure ratio does not decrease, within the acceptable time in engineering, the adiabatic efficiency of Rotor 37 at design point increases by 1.02%, while its surge margin 0.84%,and the adiabatic efficiency of Stage 35 0.54%, while its surge margin 1.11% after optimization, to verify the effectiveness and potential in engineering of this new tool for optimization of axial compressor blade.     

基于型面节点的复合材料构件模具型面修正研究

针对复合材料在热压罐中固化变形造成的零件尺寸误差、带应力装配、降低疲劳寿命等长期困扰航空、航天工业的问题,研究复合材料固化变形的影响因素、作用机理等,并利用基准点的位置坐标,实现两曲面间的匹配,提出变形修正的算法和切实可行的修正手段,从而在模具设计时对模具型面做相应的补偿,减少试模、修模次数,实现复合材料固化变形的有效控制,达到复合材料精准制造的目的。