MD-130 胶黏剂固化工艺及空间适用性研究

为满足航天电子产品的工艺实施和空间服役要求,本文详细开展了MD-130胶黏剂的固化工艺及空间适应性研究。结果表明,在150℃等温固化60 min后其拉伸剪切强度达到18 MPa,表明其为优选的固化工艺。高低温环境冲击和低剂量的粒子辐照后胶黏剂固化反应更加充分,其芯片剪切强度提高,而大剂量辐照致使高分子降解现象明显,造成了胶接强度的降低。经环境试验后,MD-130胶黏剂仍具有良好的力学性能,满足设计使用要求。     

考虑凝固收缩作用的凝固过程及其液相流动的有限元计算模型

当要考虑凝固收缩作用所带来的密度变化时，至今所得出的凝固过程及其液相流动数学模型在应用有限元方法进行计算机模拟时有困难。通过建立Ａ变量及与速度的关系，提出了以固液两相区微元体守恒性分析为基础，建立了质量、动量、能量方程式。     

C300 穿孔型等离子弧焊接焊缝结晶裂纹的研究

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜以及Thermal-calc 计算等方法分析了马氏体时效钢(C300) 穿
孔型等离子弧焊接(Keyhole-Plasma Arc Welding, K-PAW)过程中结晶裂纹的成因及形貌。研究认为,C300 虽
然具有良好的焊接性,但也会产生结晶裂纹。本试验条件下,影响高纯净C300 产生结晶裂纹的主要因素是应
变—温度增长速率,提高预热温度和增加线能量有利于降低结晶裂纹倾向。焊接热源对母材的预热作用有利
于已形成结晶裂纹的逐步止裂。具有凸形表面的焊缝以及细小等轴晶的焊缝的结晶裂纹倾向较小。     

高压条件下Al2O3/Al-10Si组织演变及力学性能

采用热压烧结与高压凝固分别制备了不同压力下Al_2O_3/Al-10Si复合材料,研究了高压对Al_2O_3/Al-10Si复合材料的组织演变规律及力学性能的影响。结果表明,高压凝固Al_2O_3/Al-10Si复合材料由α相,β相和Al_2O_3强化相组成,其中α相呈胞状,在α相晶界处存在少量粒径约为0.1μm的颗粒状β相;对于不同压力下制备的复合材料性能研究发现,凝固压力增加,α相中Si的固溶度增加,显微硬度及拉伸强度也随之提高,显微硬度由热压烧结时的55.3 HV,增加到了5 GPa时的128.1 HV,提高了133%,拉伸强度由热压烧结时的126 MPa,增加到了5 GPa时的702 MPa,这是由于高压导致α相中Si固溶度增加,形成了固溶强化。     

喷射成形电子封装Si-Al合金凝固过程模拟研究

为了优化喷射成形Si—Al合金成形工艺，获得优良的显微组织，本文模拟了喷射成形Si-30wt％ Al合金的凝固过程。研究了雾化压力和沉积距离对熔滴冷却过程中的温度和固相分数的影响。模拟计算结果得到实验验证。     

Experiments in materials science on the ground and in reduced gravity using electrostatic levitators

To counter residual accelerations, dedicated levitators or positioners are necessary to support a host of materials science experiments on the ground and in microgravity. All levitators (e.g., aerodynamic, acoustic, electromagnetic, electrostatic, optical) have their own merits and limitations but the electrostatic scheme offers the combined advantages of processing millimeter-size objects, independent heating, quasi-spherical shape of molten materials, handling of materials under extreme temperatures for hours, virtually convection-free samples, and wide view around the samples for diagnostic. These attributes provide unique research opportunities in materials science on the ground as well as under reduced gravity. In particular, electrostatic levitators are very attractive to measure the physical and structural properties of equilibrium and non-equilibrium liquids, to synthesize multi-function materials, and to understand metastable phase formation, vitrification, and diffusion. In this paper, research and development carried out by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency over the years in the field of electrostatic levitation are summarized and the main results obtained in materials science are presented.     

浇铸火箭发动机推进剂固化升温时间估算

对浇注火箭固体推进剂,药浆固化升温是一个不稳定的传热过程。发动机尺寸愈大,固化升温时间愈长。本文用有限差分法计算传热时间,根据实验获得药浆固化时的热性质参数和温度之间的函数关系;并计算得到发动机尺寸、升温时间与温度变化的关系。     

金属激光增材制造过程数值模拟

金属激光增材制造过程中,热应力导致零件发生形变;气孔与熔合不良等缺陷降低零件的拉伸以及疲劳性能;熔池内的凝固微观组织,尤其是柱状晶等轴晶转变(Columnar to Equiaxed Transition,CET)是影响零件性能的重要因素。针对上述3个方面,回顾了金属激光增材制造数值模拟的发展历史,对其研究现状和存在问题进行了评述,阐述了金属激光增材制造过程中所采用的数值模型和数值方法,包括热应力分析的有限元(Finite Element Method,FEM)方法、模拟熔池金属液流动的计算流体力学方法(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD),以及凝固微观组织模拟的相场法(Phase Field,PF)和元胞自动机方法(Cellular Automaton,CA)。在此基础上对金属激光增材制造过程数值模拟的前景及趋势进行了展望。     

Comparative study of the influence of natural convection on directional solidification of Al–3.5 wt% Ni and Al–7 wt% Si alloys

We present numerical simulations of thermosolutal convection for directional solidification of Al–3.5 wt% Ni and Al–7 wt% Si. Numerical results predict that fragmentation of dendrite arms resulting from dissolution could be favored in Al–7 wt% Si, but not in Al–3.5 wt% Ni. Corresponding experiments are in qualitative agreement with the numerical predictions. Distinguishing the two fragmentation mechanisms, namely dissolution and remelting, is critical during experiments on earth, when fluid flow is dominant.     

时效对快速凝固铝锂合金组织和性能的影响

 研究了时效对快速凝固Ａｌ—３．２Ｌｉ—１．２Ｍｇ—０．３Ｃｕ—０．２Ｚｒ合金拉伸性能和微观组织的影响。结果表明,低温长时间时效达到接近峰值状态,合金的综合性能优于高温短时间时效达到峰值状态的综合性能。合金中主要强化相为δ＇（Ａｌ３Ｌｉ）相,Ｃｕ、Ｍｇ起固溶强化。合金中Ｚｒ主要以亚稳态的Ａｌ３Ｚｒ存在,并同时与δ＇相形成（δ＇／Ａｌ３Ｚｒ）相。文中讨论了影响合金塑性的因素,指出界面析出相是快速凝固Ａｌ—Ｌｉ合金中值得重视的问题。